The vulnerable stage Essay Example for Free

The helpless stage Essay Taking into account that youthful grown-ups in the formative stage is considered by Kolberg to be experiencing significant change from level I to II, and that it is in this stage abilities in agreement and social correspondence is in a fast phase of improvement. Reasonable of relative social requests either tolerating or dismissing shows is getting clear. Valid there is level III which is reflection and meaning of widespread standards such equity and capacity to recognize conceivable social changes, this could conceivably happen. There might be a dismissal yet without a suitable dynamic conceptualization fitting to the level and clashes are not altogether prepared. In actuality we can see a go across street in a youthful adult’s social way or picking up of encounters. One way prompts the social reconciliation along the ethical stages as portrayed by Kolberg and a way of dismissal and henceforth estrangement from the social standard. Choosing to accomplish something as extraordinary as self destruction isn't just because of distance which is the principal hazard circumstance yet could be strengthen by encountering somebody close ending it all or what could be an indication of Bandura’s demonstrating. We observe that if two circumstances joined could result to more noteworthy distance, e. g. losing somebody implies short one in the essential gathering to which an individual have a place, which could result to more prominent estrangement. There is additionally perception, for example, history of dysfunctional behavior which could be taken as pointer of a potential high hazard however in any case, solid essential gathering backing could make the recuperation less agonizing, lesser disgrace. The idea of essential gatherings of youthful additionally gives some strain, family esteems or social points of view likewise changes and companions as it propose were additionally teenagers with their trademark hooking for their own feeling of internal and social request into which they could show their life. The young is a change stage, of separation to singular tendencies and most significant they could be available to thoughts which might be out of sight ill-advised at their degree of mental and passionate development. The Internet detonates data and opened up get to even to the youthful yet without oversight or social handling including the past age. In this way the adolescent are presented to for instance, erotic entertainment, brutality and different convictions and ideas which may not be proper to limit of the young to process in their own. We observe that ratiocinative speakers of helps to speculation included thoughts, convictions, ideas or ways which are open for experimentation by the young. In such an open information social orders, the model or reference bunches are essentially liquid. It could be contended that achieving stage 4 of level II in Kolberg’s moral stages model may reinforce the individual enough as stage 3 of living as per certain standards or agreement requires certain degree of scholarly and passionate development subsequently a more elevated level of unique conceptualization and conceivably more prominent thankfulness and use of the enhancers to turn into an increasingly gainful person. Be that as it may, relapse is conceivable particularly in extraordinary social cases and exacerbated by the absence of emotionally supportive network. What is clear as of now is there are social elements which forestalls development of hazard circumstances and there are factors which energizes self obliteration.

Virginia Woolf Essay A Room of Ones Own Example For Students

Virginia Woolf Essay A Room of Ones Own Virginia Woolf invests quite a bit of her energy riding the issues in A Room of Ones Own She cautiously controls the peruser by covering her focuses in fancy language and accept the personality of someone else so she doesn't need to assume liability for what she says. She is mindful so as not to put on a show of being too strong or irate on the grounds that she realizes that her thoughts will be dismissed on the off chance that she does. Woolf is startled of having her words named as women's activist and of pulling in the shame that the name is encircled by. She completely comprehends that womens issues gnite a profound situated disdain in the hearts of men and is aware of the way that at her specific time in history this hatred is running high because of the war and the ladies? s testimonial development. In her paper she makes a decent attempt to abstain from being derided by men while simultaneously starting thoughts in the psyches of ladies. Woolf wants ladies to have cash and their very own room so that their supposed ? potential artistic virtuoso? has the chance to develop and create. She accepts that moving in the direction of getting ladies to scrutinize their socialization is carrying them closer to this possible objective. We will compose a custom paper on Virginia Woolf A Room of Ones Own particularly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Her work, be that as it may, is childish and uneven on occasion, however justifiably so. The first explanation is in no way, shape or form an individual assault on Virginia Woolf, nor is an endeavor to dishonor crafted by the women's activist development. Woolf wrote in the emotional present and was encircled by the issues of her composition. She passed on, as best her circumstance managed her, a significant issue that turns out to be increasingly enlightened with the halfway target knowing the past of history. Woolf? s thought processes are unadulterated and there can be only applause for the thoughtfulness of her style. Besides, it is almost difficult to deny ladies their characteristic longing for essential rights except if you decide to live under a sad remnant of numbness. It is just implied by saying, ? crafted by woman's rights is childish and uneven on occasion,? that woman's rights is just one side of a coin. The fact of the matter is basically this; ladies living in benefit are acting childishly by testing jobs that are utilitarian for the endurance of the majority and that by considering ladies to be survivors of an out of line society without likewise recognizing men is just covering one side of an issue. There is nothing of the sort as sexism if sexism is to be characterized as mistreatment of one sex by another. There are, be that as it may, sex jobs and the two people experience the ill effects of them. Woolf composed during a one of a kind period in time when sex jobs that had been utilitarian at one point were starting to be an obstruction for individuals from the female sex. Ladies that were all around accommodated were in the abnormal situation of having the option to challenge convention and reclassify their part in the public eye. For a huge number of years most relationships concentrated on endurance. Endurance directed that there be a division of work in which ladies brought up the kids and men accommodated the youngsters. Youngsters were required and both genders were docile to the necessities of the family. Marriage was forever and the adoration in these connections radiated from shared reliance. In any case, as conventional society fallen into the free market and the modern unrest surpassed the western world, another kind of circumstance rose. The female job turned out to be less essential for endurance, because of a rising way of life, permitting ladies more opportunity to seek after parts of life that had been viewed as restrictive to the male job. For the ladies that were sufficiently blessed to be in this position, the requirement for endurance advanced into the requirement for satisfaction. .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c , .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .postImageUrl , .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c , .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c:hover , .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c:visited , .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c:active { border:0!important; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c:active , .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c:hover { murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u7733e3 d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u7733e3d4a0647e00d152337e7b052c8c:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Freud And Dreams Essay PaperWoolf is riding on the peak of this wave in A Room of Ones Own and her entire article shows she has her heart set on the inaccessible shore of satisfaction. She feels that she comprehends what is should have been finished and longs for her optimal to turn into a reality. This longing, notwithstanding, is childish in nature in light of the fact that while Woolf has the benefit of concentrating on the shore of standards numerous individuals are left in the wake of the wave. Woolf neglects to acknowledge or decides to overlook in her composing that numerous ladies and all men are, due to legitimat e need, still in endurance mode. While Woolf grumbles about not being permitted into a library, men are being sent to war to be executed and an enormous segment of the populace are still captives to their families. Men, specifically, are suffocated by the points of favored women's liberation. This doesn't ruin Woolf? s point that ladies are not equivalent to men with regards to circumstances in the origin of fiction, however it puts her exposition in its appropriate setting. It would be a heartbreaking confusion if a peruser were to left away from A Room of Ones Own with the feeling that Woolf is upholding the possibility that ladies are casualties of male persecution. The announcement is basically false and this isn't Woolfs planned message. In spite of the fact that Woolf describes trifling occasions, for example, not being permitted on a garden with male understudies, these portrayals simply fill in as instances of existing conditions or imagery of a more profound significance. The center of the article is that the two people must be gender ambiguous at the top of the priority list and develop out their sex jobs inseparably or, more than likely erosion between the genders will just deteriorate. Woolf works admirably of making her paper disdain confirmation. This is on the grounds that Woolf comprehends, or if nothing else faculties, the genuine purposes for male disdain. She fabricates her paper so that it accomplishes its planned reason for getting ladies particularly, however men too, to consider their sexual orientation jobs. Male disdain of women's liberation doesn't emerge from a characteristic nature in guys to mistreat female wants. Or maybe, it originates from men loathing the way that ladies are in the situation to change their jobs, while they are stuck in theirs. The conventional female job causes ladies to feel like the property of their male suppliers, be that as it may, men are caused to feel by their job like the arm that underpins the property, not the proprietor of it. From numerous points of view men are compliant to property. An enormous bit of the work performed by men, also war, necessitates that men disassociate themselves from their sentiments so as to be a sufficient supplier. They are instructed not to whine, to forfeit, not to be delicate, and to ensure. These qualities are down to earth in the work power and are characteristics that make a decent supplier, however with regards to inward satisfaction, the male job is a hindrance since it prompts suppression. In like manner ladies who are educated to be just the conveyor of kids think that its hard to accomplish satisfaction in their job too. In any case, the ladies of benefit living in Woolfs time and the originators of the women's activist development found that they could discover satisfaction by bearing kids while simultaneously taking an interest in exercises that generally go with the male job, if just men would permit them. So for what reason would men need to deny ladies satisfaction? Since they feel it is out of line to permit ladies to reclassify their jobs with the goal that they can have the best of the two universes, while men stay binded to their endurance job. For what reason should men have just the choice to give and secure while ladies are given various choices? .ue2c07927bccc362e5df5e5e8fdb442cd , .ue2c07927bccc362e5df5e5e8fdb442cd .postImageUrl , .ue2c07927bccc362e5df5e5e8fdb442cd .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ue2c07927bccc362e5df5e5e8fdb442cd , .ue2c07927bccc362e5df5e5e8fdb442cd:hover , .ue2c07927bccc362e5df5e5e8fdb442cd:visit

I dont like SPAM!

I don’t like SPAM! I know you’re already thinking to yourself, “Where is Dave going to go with the SPAM joke?” Will he follow through on the Monty Python subject line? Will he show a can of the eponymous meat-like substance (now with Bacon!*)? Perhaps a photo of SPAM carved to resemble some bit of tech like a computer or iPod? Or will I unexpectedly shift gears into a joke about Scrapple? What devious pun lies in wait? The suspense is too much to bear. You can relax, because today I’m taking the high road. That’s in no small part because I really dislike computer SPAM. We’ve been getting more than usual on the blogs lately, and it’s a trend that concerns me. So we’re going to try something called ReCaptcha on the blogs for a few days. For those unfamiliar with anti-SPAM technology, ReCaptcha is the box of wavy text at the bottom of the page, just above the “submit” button. The theory is that only humans (and occasionally Cylons) can decipher the distorted text back into words. SPAMbots, even the polite ones, get stuck at the door. If ReCaptcha eliminates the SPAM and doesn’t wreak havoc with legitimate comments we’ll keep it around. If you have trouble with ReCaptcha, please let me know (obviously you might not be able to comment, but you can always email me). * True story

USS Minnesota (BB-22) in the Great White Fleet

Common North American Hardwood Trees

Reflectionpaper Instruction Free Essays

Reflection Paper Instructions For this assignment, you should compose a 3-page double-spaced paper that addresses how the principles that you have learned throughout this course have changed your understanding of what it means to be a Christian. You will submit your first paper in Module/Week 4 and your second paper is Module/Week 8. You should follow the format of Praxis: Beyond Theory when completing your papers. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflectionpaper Instruction or any similar topic only for you Order Now The format is: 1. An explanation of the topic/doctrine 2. Scriptural basis for the doctrine 3. Practical application of the doctrine to the life of the student NOTE: Students should write on topics which are not specifically addressed in the Praxis: Beyond Theory text. As you respond to the prompt, reflect on the concepts that you have learned throughout the course, and apply them to your specific topic. Be sure to integrate the information that you learned through the textbook readings, the assigned article readings, the lecture videos, and any other related content that you may have encountered during the course. Your paper should also: 1. Describe the course concepts that are related to your topic, demonstrating your reflection and analysis. Do not simply summarize what was presented in class. 2. Demonstrate real ownership of the ideas that you present by providing unique insight as evidence of your careful consideration of the topic. 3. Provide a logical link between the description of the concepts from the course, and the conclusions or implications that you draw in your reflection. In other words, your conclusion should be logically derived from the application of the course concepts to the description of your topic. . Demonstrate learning initiative by exploring conclusions and implications beyond the boundaries of our classroom discussion. 5. Focus on depth of understanding, rather than breadth of coverage. Format your paper in a MS Word document with 12 point, Times New Roman font and one-inch margins. Review the Reflection Paper Grading Rubric to see the specific grading criteria by which you will be evaluated before submitting your paper. Structure your paper in the following format (inserting the headings within the paper): I. Introduction (one paragraph introducing the two topics/doctrines that you will address) II. Part One (first topic: approximately one page in length) a. Theological Definition b. Biblical Foundation c. Practical application III. Part Two (second topic: approximately one page in length) a. Theological Definition b. Biblical Foundation c. Practical Application IV. Conclusion (one paragraph summarizing your areas of progression in Christian thought) V. Grading Rubric (this must be copied and pasted into the end of your paper) How to cite Reflectionpaper Instruction, Essay examples

Lit Review on High Intensity Interval Training free essay sample

High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a new popular method of exercising that optimizes your workout by completing a series of short, high intensity exercise (90% of your maximum heart rate =220-age). , followed by longer, lower-intensity exercise (55 to 70 % of your maximum heart rate=220-age). High intensity interval training is said to be significantly more beneficial than other forms of cardiovascular workouts because it challenges the body differently and is more extreme then a moderate cardiovascular workout (Omidi, 2010). Moderate cardiovascular workouts do increase cardiovascular fitness and muscular fitness, but if there is a faster way to achieve your goals, then that method should be utilized. HIIT can increase the effects of cardiovascular fitness by increasing the mitochondrial abilities allowing the body to work more efficiently and muscular strength by challenging the muscles by changing the intensity of speed causing the muscle to use different fibers and energy stores (Omidi, 2010). One study that shows the effects of improved cardiovascular fitness with HIIT researched the effects of low volume HIIT versus all-out sprint interval training. We will write a custom essay sample on Lit Review on High Intensity Interval Training or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They study had 24 young males, age 24 to 26 that were then separated into three groups of 8: the sprint interval training group which, completed three to five cycling rounds of 30 seconds all-out and 4 minutes of recovery in between, the low volume HIIT group which completed six to ten cycling rounds with two minutes of recovery in between and the control group with no training. The training lasted four weeks and the methods of Volume Oxygen consumption max test (VO2 max tests the maximum capacity of an individuals body to transport and use oxygen during incremental exercise), time to exhaustion, and Wingate test to measure power output were compared before and after the four weeks of training. This study found that there was only significant improvement in power output with the all out sprint interval training group. But they found that sprint interval training and HIIT are very beneficial for VO2 and time to exhaustion for healthy individuals. Bayati, 2011) Another study that shows the effects of improved cardiovascular fitness with HIIT, looked at the benefits to individuals with coronary artery disease (Gremeaux et al, 2011). The study showed the effects of different training methods on coronary artery disease patients after an acute coronary syndrome. The study took 27 individuals with coronary artery disease and separated them into three groups of 9; one with moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) at 70% of max HR, one at MICE at maximal 6 minute walk test HR, and one using HIIT. The methods used were comparing VO2 peak, six minute walk test, and 200 meter fast walk test every two weeks for six weeks. Though this was a pilot study with a very small amount of individual; the study did find that peak VO2 improved in all groups and was higher in the HIIT group on average by 2 ml. min kg. This study was very basic and short and future research needs to look at the longer effects of HIIT on individuals with coronary artery disease. HIIT is beneficial to all for cardiovascular purposes, and it also is a significant benefit to muscular strength. Gremeaux, 2011) A study done by Gurd et al, 2010 looked at the effects of a six week HIIT workout on the SIRT1 levels in human skeletal muscle. SIRT1 is the silent mating-type information regulator 2 homolog1; which signifies increases in gene expression of mitochondrial (mitochondrial biogenesis) and fatty acid oxidative genes increasing the rate of fat oxidation. Nine subjects performed six week high intensity interval training which consisted of three days a week, ten exercise intervals lasting four minutes with a two minute rest in between at a 90% VO2 power output during each four minute intervals. The research methods for this study included taking a small frozen muscle sample and isolated the proteins then took a SIRT fluorometric assay kit to find the SIRT1 level before and after the six weeks of training. They found that after six weeks of HIIT there was a significant increase in SIRT1 levels concluding that with HIIT you can increase the body’s ability of mitochondrial biogenesis because with more mitochondrial abilities the better your body can produce energy for respiration and physical work and fat oxidation which can get you leaner faster. Gibala’s, 2009, study agrees with their findings. Perry et al, (2008) also looked at fat oxidation in his study by focusing on the effects of HIIT on fat and carbohydrate metabolic capacities in skeletal muscle. This study had eight individuals begin a six week HIIT program that included using the cycle ergometer three days a week (a one hour interval consisting of ten four minute exercise intervals with 2 minutes of rest) for 6 weeks totaling 18 hours. Perry et al. s methods were to take muscle biopsies before during and after exhaustion during a VO2 peak test before and after the six week training. They found that 18 hours of HIIT 3 days a week for over 6 weeks increased fat oxidation and skeletal muscle capacities. Another study completed by Forbes et al. (2008) looked at the effects of a short term HIIT on the phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery in skeletal muscle. PCr breakdown and resynthesis of PCr is directly related to mitochondrial content, the faster the breakdown and resynthesis the more efficient your mitochondria are working. Their study took 14 young healthy individuals age 17 to 25 (seven experimental and seven control). The seven members of the experimental group were put on two weeks of HIIT with six training sessions on a cycle ergometer (first two, four intervals, second two, five intervals, third two, six intervals, all intervals lasted 30 seconds and had a four minute light cycle in between). The PCr levels were collected using phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and then compared between the control and experimental groups. Forbes et al. found that PCr recovery was improved by 14% with short term HIIT, which tells us that short term HIIT is a good way to increase oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle, which will increase our recovery and improve our muscular abilities. HIIT can increase the effects of cardiovascular fitness by increasing the mitochondrial abilities allowing the body to work more efficiently and muscular strength by challenging the muscles by changing the intensity of speed causing the muscle to use different fibers and energy stores. The studies have shown that fat oxidation, VO2 capacities, and mitochondrial abilities can be increased with HIIT. However, it was found that the effect of HIIT on muscular strength is lacking in studies; circumference or power output increased is not thoroughly compared and may be beneficial in starting a HIIT routine. A thorough study comparing a moderate cardiovascular workout routine would also be beneficial to narrow down all benefits in one study to compare cardiovascular fitness and muscular strength.

Take The Opportunity To Give Back This Summer

Plenty of students are looking forward to a summer full activities. Whether it be attending summer school or working as an intern, many students have already had their summers scheduled months ahead. For those of you who haven’t planned quite yet, dont fret. Take this summer to do something meaningful- you can pursue a project you couldnt dedicate yourself to during the school year, or you can volunteer.895189323888264FBYale ‘19I did a lot of volunteer work in the summer of my junior high school year, not because I thought it would look good, but because I was interested in interacting with people I wouldnt have otherwise had a chance to. Dont pick things because you think it will look good. If you like theater, do theater because you like it, you know? People will see the inconsistencies between your application and your extracurriculars.DanilarooNotre Dame ‘18 Volunteer! Dont just do it as a resume/college application booster, though - volunteer somewhere you think is exciting, enriching, and challenging. Pick somewhere you can see yourself still volunteering at in years time. The experience you will gain from immersing yourself in volunteering is invaluable, both during the college application process and way beyond. jeg9000 Humboldt State ‘18 I really recommend that you become very involved in your community the best way possible. And the best place to start, is now! In my summer days in high school, I was involved in my church, in my sisters school, and in my local hospital. And to be honest, if I never had the opportunity to volunteer at the hospital, I would have struggled to find a field Im interested in. I was able to make good friends with the staff that worked there and was able to explore other areas of medicine I was not aware of at the time. It only made me more interested and more dedicated into wanting to pursue medicine. Carriexcullen Emerson 19I would recommend volunteering in the community in ways that are applicable to your intended major. For example, I volunteered over the summer doing a film for a local charity in my town. Listing this on my application to film school showed that I am both involved in my trade and involved in my community. Choosing where to go to college is an incredibly important decision. Make an informed choice by talking to current students on ourmentorship platform. Access 60,000+ successfulcollege application filesuploaded by college students (they get paid when you view them). is a community of students helping students. Our goal is to bring much-needed transparency to higher education.

Bansonyi essays

Bansonyi essays Sharon Matute October 24, 1999 Art 100 007 Professor Sax Art can be used to study the progression of a civilization through time. Art is usually used to express ones beliefs religiously, politically, and sometimes as a source of communication, which is accomplished through imagery. Symbols in works of art can be related to nature and myths.1 From the beginning of Chinese history, art and philosophy worked hand-in-hand with the creation of a work of art. Chinese art was used as evidence of a persons behavior and attitude towards nature and other beings (e.g. the nicer the painting the better the person.)2 During the seventh and eighth centuries Chinese art was at its peak. China at this time was under the jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty. Because of the beautiful work being manufactured China became a multinational society. Paintings and sculptures were not the only works that China would receive admiration for. Their music and literature (poems which sometimes explained works of art) were also at their richest points,3 Tang art has incomparable vigor, realism, dignity... There is an optimism, an energy, a frank acceptance of tangible reality which gives the same character to all Tang art, whether it be the most splendid fresco from the hand of a master or the humblest tomb figurine made by the village potter. (Sullivan 160) When a piece of artistic work was considered good all that really mattered was the amount of effort that went into the piece and not the derivation of the persons economic class. Scarce materials were used very often in the creation of Chinese artifacts. One of the mot famous and revered stones used was Jade, which was very hard and indestructible. Jade cannot be found in China; it was traded with Burma, which is located on the outer edge of China, so it is amazing to know how much work was done with it in the 600 and 70 ...

Men, Women, Sex, and Darwin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Men, Women, Sex, and Darwin - Essay Example Both have some kind of libido and sexual attraction toward the other sex. Men want women and women want men. That is why it is natural for them to marry and bear children. This is what produces generations. This is an illogical argument from men’s side that they will have more relations with many women because they are more sexually active than women. However, this is true that men get indulged in more sexual relations because they have less control over their sexual impulses. On the other hand, women tend to have more control over their sexual urges and are farsighted. They need stable relations. So, they tend to be sexually reserved (Nichols 12). Hence, it is not a matter of difference in sexual drive in both the sexes, but the difference in controlling power that make them get involved in more or fewer sexual relations. Polygamy makes a woman believe â€Å"that she alone will not satisfy him. He requires others. She is inadequate†, writes Boteach. Polygamy also gives rise to many social problems like rape, women trafficking, and prostitution (Zeitzen 172). Moreover, the author writes that women love older men because they have the lesser ego and are more resourceful. However, most women would want a younger partner because they want a relationship on which they can depend for their whole lives. When they will marry older men who will die soon, they will have no one to rely on for finances and protection. So even if younger men have higher egoistic issues and are less powerful financially, still most of the women would like to have young partners for relationships and marriages. The author also writes about gays and lesbians. It is right that they have biological faults in their brains that make them behave a certain way that is not in accordance with nature, still, we must also consider the fact that women tend to hate men for their infidelity, which is why they want to build relationships within their own gender.

Real Interest Rates Movements in China Coursework - 1

Real Interest Rates Movements in China - Coursework Example It is commonly perceived that the increase in real interest rates may negatively impact the growth of the economy. The reason may be that the higher real interest rates may effectively increases the cost of funds (Dotsey , 1998). The increase in real interest rates, however, has both positive and negative impacts on the economy because for some countries it may attract investors because of increase in investment returns, whereas, for other countries it may increase the cost of funds borrowed. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the impact of real interest rates on the economic growth of China. The reason for the selection of China is that the china’s economy is considered as highly competitive internationally. Moreover, despite of being a developing nation, China’s impact on international financial market in terms of trade is significant. In addition to this, study of the impact of real interest rate instead of nominal interest rate on economic growth of China, may give more accurate results of the relationship because real interest rate is a pure single factor. The aim of the research provides a road map of study and helps the researcher to list down the goals he wants to achieve from the result (Munhall & Chenail, 2008). The goal of research is â€Å"To Analyze the contribution of real interest rates towards the economic growth of the China†. The goal of the research clearly indicates that the paper is based on the evaluation of the significance of relationship between the two factors i.e. real interest rates and the economic growth of China. The objectives of the research are determined in a way that break downs the aim of the research to make the analysis more objective and focused and to answer the questions with the help of scientific procedure (Kothari, 2004, p. 2).     

The Dual Career Family And Malaysia Sociology Essay

The Dual Career Family And Malaysia Sociology Essay Family is considering as one of the important units in the social systems which formed a society. As a sub-system of society, the roles and functions of family are similar with other systems in society such as religion, economic, political, and social and education. All these systems are applied to each societies or countries in order to have a well-being life among people. In Malaysia, the established of Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development on 27 March 2004 has shown that Malaysian government has put an attention to the family matters seriously. Malaysia government believes, this country is built based on the harmonious of family institution and the strength of multi-racial society. Thus, if both of these could be achieved, Malaysian society will live in a well-being. Under this ministry, there is one agency called National Population and Family Development Board (LPPKN) which have been accountable to discuss all the related matters of family in Malaysia (http://www.kpwkm.gov.my). National Family Plan which proposed under Ninth Malaysia Plan Policy (1991-2010) have been submitted to Cabinet for approval as an action plan to strengthen family institution and to make sure this institution remain strong and prosperous family. One of the aim of National Family Plan is to make a clearly statement to Malaysian society about the importance of formation the family institution. From my opinion, this aim has to be imply because of the idea of the traditional family has been changed when Malaysia enters the twenty-first century and itself has become a modern country nowadays. The modernization process has affected the family structure, functions, roles, relationships and others among the family members. The trend perspective of Malaysian society now on family has changed due to the lifestyles which focuses on aspects of higher education, pursue a career, freedom, divorce, and delaying married or decided not to marry especially for women. Therefore, many issues can be arises when women gained tremendous achievement in their life especially in education and labour force. The issues might give an impact on future whether in positive or negative aspects. For instance, higher educational attainment has increased womens income generating capacity and was linked to reductions in maternal and child mortality. Moreover, educated girls were more likely to delay marriage and childbearing instead in order to improve their financial or education towards higher level. For women who married, their participation in the labour force made themselves burden with work, childcare and household duties. Thus, this trend of lifestyles has caused the emergence of dual-career family in Malaysia. Now, the dual-career family who both spouses are maintaining separate careers and contributing to the financial success of the household has become common place. Thus, dual career families are a reality for society today. Due to that, my interest is doing a research regarding to women issues in Malaysia focusing on family institution in Malays society particularly on dual-career family. I believe that there will have an issue on dual-career family especially towards social function of family in human capital in Malaysia as a developing country when both spouses have education and participate in labour force. In line with vision and mission of the Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development, I assume they do not just want to attain gender equality but also to develop harmonious and to strengthen family institution towards mainstream national development and at the same time increased communal and social harmony. In view of this, I realize that if I do a research in family institution, perhaps it will be a valuable topic in contributing towards understanding about women and family as well. The Malays in Malaysia Malaysian population has been divided into Malaysia citizen and Non-Malaysian citizens. They were estimated at 28,457.6 million and contributed to density of Malaysian population in 2009. Of that, 2,069.2 million are Non-Malaysian citizens and 26, 38.4 million are known as Malaysian citizens. Bumiputera  [1]  are made up at 17,640.8 people who encompass Malays as predominantly with 14,494.9 million and other bumiputera are 3,145.9 million. Other groups include the Chinese 6, 45.5 million, Indians 1,946.8 million and others 342.3 million. Furthermore, the population estimates by sex also dominated by Bumiputera at 8,902.1 million in 2009. Malays were the highest population in both sexes with 7, 316.0 million for male and female at 7,178.9 million, followed by Chinese at 3,292.5 million for male and 3,165.9 million for female. In contrast, the number of female was higher than male for Indians and others. Meanwhile, the figure for Non-Malaysian citizens was also male outnumbered wit h 1,145.8 million and for female at 923.4 million (Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2009). By legal definition, Article 160 Clause 2 provides that Malays means a person professes the religion of Islam, habitually speaks the Malay language, conforms to Malay custom and was before Independent Day born in the Federation or in Singapore or born of parents one of whom was born in the Federation or in Singapore, or is on that day domiciled in the Federation or in Singapore; or is the issue of such a person. (Constitution of Malaysia (n.d.).pp: 131) Based on this article, definition of Malays referred to three fundamental characteristics namely Malay language usage, Islamic religion and customary practice which also known as adat  [2]  (custom). Therefore, Malay is an individual from any Malay race such as Javanese, Minangkabau, Bugis or Atjehnese (Ong, 1990) and all Malays are understood as Muslims. According to Kling (1995), adat (custom) in Malay society have been influenced in cultural elements by a few great civilizations such as from India, China, Arabia and Western. These cultural elements were inedible, therefore, had been adapted and integrated with Malay cultural. However, the integration between local condition and historical interactions of adat (custom) especially with Islam has shaped the way of Malays life in all aspects. Although the process of Islamization had occurred among Malay society, the cultural elements were still remained and these were called as adat. This adat has been categorized as non-Islamic because it was not come from Islamic religion. Adat was reinterpreted to mean the distinctive and traditional cultural configuration of society as differentiated from purely Islamic elements( Kling. 1995 : 46). Therefore, Islamic religion and adat were accepted as basic of beliefs, ideologies and practices in Malay society. Both Islam and adat have become an important principles to organize Malays in undergo all aspects of their daily life as an individual and a society. The reflection of Islamic religion and adat can be seen when it has been practiced by Malays such as in politic, economic and social. The Concept of Family and Dual-Career Family The term of family have been proposed in many definitions which are in line with flux and variation on the ideas of what is a family. For instance, groups of people that live together such as adoptive families, cohabiting couples, single-families, step-families, homosexual families, homosexual couples or groups of people who live together in one house without biological kinship connection has been depicted as a family nowadays. Most importantly, the images of families have obviously changed from traditional to modern understanding when many types and structures of the families appeared (Bogenshneider Corbett, 2004). The foregoing statement, from my point of view is in line with Jackson (2008). She claims that the variety of definition of family and the changes of family life in early twenty-first century have drew a huge attention among scholars to discuss these topics. Indeed, she also stated that many reasons have been evoked to address the word family and most of the reasons were more likely saying the word family is unstable, diversity and fluidity. All these consequences were pertinent with society who has already accepted the inclined of divorce rates, the decreased of marriage rates, or homosexual relationships as an alternative lifestyles. These were a new form of family which have been agreed in general and in relation with the changes of women and men roles. The term of family is not easy to be defined because of different definitions exist by societies within countries. Therefore, to understand the definitions of family given by any individual or society, they prevalent posted their definition connected with their own cultural, tradition, religion and social surroundings (Flandrin, 1979; Trost, 1990). For example, sociologist used the cultural atmosphere to define the images of families from their perspective before elucidate them precisely using sociological theories (Gubrium Holstein, 1990; Cheal, 2002). Therefore, the emergence of these groups made the definition of family and its concept become heated debate and wide discussion among scholars. However, none of the term of family has been agreed as complete agreement, despite, lots of approaches and arguments need to be considered in defining so that the term of family not merely confine for a single explanation (Worsley, 1977; Elliot, 1986; Cheal, 2002). Thus, understanding the def initions of family in its political context is seemingly vital according to the ideological concept. According to U.S Bureau of the Census (2000a), definition of family is referred to a group of people that consist more than two persons who lived together in a house and be bounded one another by blood, marriage or adoption. Elliot (1986) notes that family has formed based on a marriage between man and woman and they have consolidated with their children as unity in a house. They are being responsible to each other in giving love, support and care likewise has a sameness identity. A family also can be defined as people who remain living together in a group. They have close relationships and will form generations based on kinship (Cheal, 1988). Another definition of family ascribe that family can be formed when the household constitute couples who are live together without married and those who are single-parents and having children (Gullota et al. 1986). Furthermore, Coleman Cressy (1999) defined family as a group of people by marriage, ancestry or adoption who live together in a common household. Defining a word of family also referred to structures of families either a nuclear family or an extended family. A definition given by Cheal (2002) describes the nuclear family consists a man and woman who got married legally and live together with their children in a house. He therefore claims that this family structure can be called as a basic unit of household production, such as food preparation. There are also definitions that differentiate the word the family and the household. From my point of view, these two words have been foreseen had a similar explanation in spite of both of these words have been given different meaning by writers. The connotation of these words always related with a meaning of a group of people that live together in a same place. Due to this, Ball (1974) defines the household as groups of people that have been tied to live together in a place and them also known as a spatial group. However, families are referred to people who lived together in a place as groups. They are connected to each other by blood and marriage and these groups called a kin group. In Malay language, term family is called keluarga. From my point of view, definition of family in Malay language is different from western perspectives. Understanding the word keluarga has to be related with the meaning from context of Islam and adat (custom). Therefore, keluarga consists groups of husband and wife, grandfather and grandmother, siblings and their children, auntie and uncle and their children who then knowing as close relatives and distant relatives. They are bond with variety of responsibilities, social functioning, unity of law and others. Those are included in these groups constitute with a division of the inheritance of Muslims called Faraid Law System (Ruzita, 2000). Due to this definition, Mahmud (1997) states that keluarga is referring to extended family where this family is a unit social and individual who involved in this unit have a relationship known as kinship. Elsaie (2004) points out that family is a group of human social and they are ties together as members by blood and marriage. Their relationships are pertinent not merely mutual expectation but also mutual commitments. These include rights, obligation, identity and provision, love, caring, respect the eldest, security and others. All these are proposed by religion, enforced by law and observed by the group members. In addition, many of Quran verses stated that marriage is encounter with moral security, social commitment and religion obligations. For instance, one verse from Quran stated: And among his signs is this: He created for you spouses from yourselves that you might find rest in them, and He ordained between you love and mercy. (30-21) Therefore, in my opinion, there were many definitions and descriptions of the term of family given by scholars. It is noteworthy to make clear that the term of family have been defined differently between the western and the Malays perspective. This is more likely because of the differences in cultural and political context likewise the historical background. For Malays, the family are formed between man and women who legally married and they accepted single-parents family. They rejected the definition of family which is referring to cohabitation families and homosexual families. However, for west people, the definition of family is referring to all types of family either by married couples, cohabitation couples or homosexual couples. Despite of the definitions of families are often changed and became a fluidity context in sociology discussions, Silva and Smart (1999) claim that the basic functions of family are inevitably and still remained like in traditional perspectives. For instance, family members were applying the basic functions of family such as becoming supporter to one another physically, emotional and spiritual. Therefore, compared to the past, some of sociologist, policy analyst and service professions staffs were more stress on family functions rather than family structures while discussing about family is what people in family supposedly do as familys members (Bala, 1994). In Malay society, there are ties between adat (custom) and Islamic law that in relation to family functions. According to adat (custom), women were given the responsibilities of domestic chores such as child-birth, child-rearing and cooking, or maintaining relationships within kinship and neighbours. Despite these roles of women in Malay society were defined by adat (custom), the definition of the roles were still connected with men under Islamic construction (Laderman, 1983). Therefore, under Islamic law, for men, their identity were referring to their ability such as preparing sons to become independent head of household in future, controlling the sexuality of wives and daughters and providing economic sources for household (Ong, 1990). Nevertheless, structures of family, functional of family and family relationship in almost each country throughout the world had changed due to modernization since 1960s. Modernization has caused tremendous changes in economic system particularly on the growth of economy which then wittingly and unwittingly has also affecting other systems in society and country. Most importantly and surprisingly, these enormous effects can be seen when the number of women entering paid labour force has increased due to lots of opportunities has been given to women in education. The existence of these situations has changed the male and female relationships and the perceptions of the family. For instance, conjugal roles had changed distinctly; therefore, dual-career families emerged. This has given a new image of family in modern atmosphere nowadays. Ropoport Ropoport (1971) were among the first researchers who have interested to study of dual-career family. Their study showed that the respondents of dual-career family have achieved success at various levels as dual-careerist in their employment. This research also has opened a new discussion subsequently among researchers who previously more interested to concentrate on doing research about single-earner household. Dual-career family have been defined by Ropoport Ropoport (1971) as a family who comprises both husband and wife as heads of household. Both of the spouses will sustain as a family and live together besides pursue their career simultaneously. They also explain that understanding the term of career is vital in order to differ between dual-career family with dual-earner family and dual-worker family. Therefore, social sciences has designated precisely the term of career as any jobs which need high commitments or any qualification. A developmental character will be undergone continuously in dual-career family to achieve their career attainment. This career enhancement was needed by them either to get the highest hierarchy in jobs promotion or in order to become expert in their field. Compared to dual-career family, those couples from dual-worker family and dual-earner family especially women will be involved in working environment merely for economic reasons and not for personal achievements or commitments. They involved in lots of works that bringing profit for them. In addition, comparing this situation with dual-career family, women who came from dual-earner family or dual-worker family are still facing with burdens and stress or negative impacts as a mother and a wife (Ibid). In Malaysia, there is no definition of dual-career family in Malay language. What I had found was all researchers in Malaysia were using the meanings that given by western scholars referring to dual-career family. In some research, I sometimes realize that they also referred dual-career family and dual-earner family or dual-worker family like having a similar meaning (this can be proved in sub topic: previous research of dual career family). However, due to this, to understanding the concept of family and dual-career family are needed so that I can limit my research subject. My research subject is focusing on Malay dual-career family either they are nuclear family or extended family. They also need to fulfil the meaning of family from Islam and adat (custom) definitions. Previous Research of Dual-Career Family The phrase of sphere of generativity by Daniel Weingarten (1984) explained that family and work entail two impacts which considered as complimentary, contradictory, or a combination of both. From my point of view, modernization has introduced new images of family whereby related with reasons, effects or ideas about dual-career family which can be found in several of research. As such, dual-career family emerged when women and men entering the paid labour force and this happened within countries and families. Thus, discussion on family and work has been increased especially when women participated in labour division. A number of studies have been done on family and work where the focus of the studies were more on the implications of women participation in the paid labour force and how it linked and affected their roles in families compared to men. Almost majority of research done on work and family have identified the conflict between the responsibilities of family role and work role (Greenhaus Beutell, 1985). For instance, previous studies state that there were probability of conflict between work and leisure (Staines OConnor, 1980) and between work and self (Holahan Gilberst, 1979a, 1979b). Nock (1987) notes that womens struggle in the last few decades has influenced the idea of women rejecting being a mother or giving priority to the family. Their focuses have immensely changed towards life attainment such as in education, work and become independent person. Therefore, when women entering labor force, both husbands and wives are going to work and have their own career. Consequently, the numbers of dual-career families have enhanced dramatically when women preparing themselves adequately in order to engage with their careers and, this would allow them to be in the world of labour force (Inglehart, 1979). Goldscheider Waite (1991) assert that traditional roles between husbands and wives have changed nowadays. Traditionally, assumption that men as a breadwinner and women as a homemaker are being accepted by all societies. Nonetheless, the assumption has eroded when women also play vital roles in contributing to economy of family. These changes perpetuated division of roles in family system and it has also given an enormous impact on the conjugal roles. Benokraitis (1996) discovers a few impacts exist in the family of dual-worker couples. For example, this type of family has affected the quality of marriage, responsibilities among family members, and children well-being. A study done by Cherlin (1992) indicates that living separated with spouse and divorces are more likely to be happened when women involving in the wage labour force particularly if a wife has a higher salary than a husband. Women also found themselves more independent and less relies on husbands in their life. Not surprisingly, working women often took either unpaid work or work as part-time compared to men if the family have infants because of understanding that women were wives and mothers at home. Due to this, they will still be the person who responsible to their children notwithstanding they are involved in labour force. Men were rarely to do likewise as Lewis (2001) states that this happened because of career setbacks or VanEvery (1995) claims because of a commitment to anti sexist living arrangements. It is generally accepted that modernisation had increased cost of living to the households particularly in big cities and towns. Due to this, families must have a great income to fulfil familys needs. Thus, it seem to be seen that the number of working wives have increased in order to help their husband. Study by (Lewis, 1995b) illustrates that by entering the paid work labour showed that womens contribution to the household was 55 percent in Filipina. The reason they go for work and earn more money is to make sure that their children will have sufficient life. Facing a role conflict by women in dual-career families were often occurs especially when they have to make decisions whether to be a wife or a mother or an employee who pursuing her career. With these multi-tasking responsibilities and overloaded roles, women almost had a great stress. In contrast, men in dual-career families were less burden and stress compared to women. With these multi-tasking responsibilities and over loaded roles, women almost had a great stress. In contrast, men in dual-career families were less burden and stress compared to women. Nevertheless, the conflict that they faced is the lack of nurturing which means they did not get intimate relationships from their wives (Carter Carter, 1995). Study done by Galinsky etal (1993) show that 83% of working mothers and 72% of working fathers were experiencing conflict between handling their job and family issues. Another study reported that new division of labour between men and women emerged and had eroded the traditional division when both working spouses manage their work and family. Husbands or fathers were more likely involved in the family while wives or mothers were struggled with their job demands and limited roles (Michelson, 1983; Pleck,, 1979). Habsah Roziah (2003) stated that their study on Malay working women in Shah Alam has shown clearly how these Malay women were still trying to fulfil their responsibilities at work place and home. Only few of them said that they can managed both roles simultaneously while others found that they will just can successful either at work place or at home if they gave less attention on one of them. They also faced tremendous challenges for the child-rearing in urban area particularly when both of them are working. Finding of this research also found father or husband were seemed to help their wife such as playing with children, doing groceries shopping, sending and fetching children from school rather than involved in domestic chores like washing or cooking. According to the research done by Fatimah (1994), it would be true to say that form middle middle-class Malay households view, conducting and managing the household are still under women responsibilities though they are working. Hochschild (1989) points out men do not share the raising on their children and the caring of the children and the caring of their homes. A part of that, commuter marriage also can be said as one of marriage that emerged because of dual-career family. Both spouses have to live separately from each other for long times because of the career commitments at elsewhere. The reasons of these commitments and living apart notwithstanding still referred them as family (Gertsel Gross, 1984; Newman Grauerholz, 2002, Lesthaeghe, 1995). Therefore, from the previous research done by researchers showed that there were problems, reasons and ideas arose when they discussed about dual-career family. Many of these research saying that the emergence of dual-career families have affected the family institution itself in various aspects. Mostly, the researches more focused on how women deal with challenges and difficulties when they have two roles which are under their responsibilities. Due to this, dual-career family is a topic that drew my attention to do a further study on it by looking at Malay dual-career family. With a new model of framework, I believe that this topic will expand and enhance existing literature frame with suggestion in dual-career family.

La Conciencia de la Mestiza Towards a New Consciousness

In this world of dualities—male-female, whites-other races, subject-object, self-society, among others—we are always confronted with identities. Essentially, these are struggles that co-exist, overlap, cascade and confront each other. Anzaldua’s concept of divided loyalties seeks to find the allies in the other, the Whites. The recognition of the truth is at the foremost of the consciousness call. Instead of disengaging or spreading animosity, Anzaldua aspires to transcend the world of dualities by engaging the â€Å"other† and creating something new out of this experience. Ultimately, I agree with Anzaldua’s concept of divided loyalties, specifically in the discussions on the duality of race.This paper seeks to present Anzaldua’s perspective of the new mestiza and her cognizance of the different struggles of dualities. This discussion will be followed by the discussion of divided loyalties and Anzaldua’s call towards acts of recogniti on and revisiting of buried truths that are indispensable features towards a more dignified humanity.Anzaldua’s argument inductively starts from a description of the self. The fact that the individual of the 21st century has her crisis of self-identity because of the problematic definition of boundaries is enshrined in the statement: â€Å"Because I, a mestiza/ continually walk out of one culture/and into another/ because I am in all cultures at the same time.† (Anzaldua 99) From this initial discussion the attempt to challenge the dualities of race and ultimately of identities is already surfacing. I also envision that this discussion is a vague description of the reality that every human being experience today—that of globalization, not only on the macro-level plane such as the political-economic sphere, but also on the level of the self.While â€Å"being in all cultures† seems like a very beautiful phenomenon, it is actually presented as a confrontatio n or struggle. The presence of different opposing cultural forces takes on the â€Å"self† as its battlefield. There is a clash happening within: â€Å"The ambivalence from the clash of voices results in mental and emotional states of perplexity†¦ The mestiza’s dual or multiple personality is plagued by psychic restlessness.† (100)Imagine this phenomenon of psychic restlessness taking place not just in a single person but collectively happening in commonly held boundaries such as race and culture. We then would have, what Anzaldua calls, un choque or a cultural collision. It is safe to assume that her understanding of un choque is comprehensive considering that she recognized that the struggle for collective identity takes its root on the struggle within the self.One might ask: why is an understanding of the iconic, self-identity-struggling mestiza essential in presenting an argument that would validate the concept of divided loyalties? Simply put the †Å"mestiza connection† is important because the struggle of the mestiza is a struggle of identity, a confrontation between mutually exclusive variables of cultures. Loyalties are given to defined boundaries of an identity; in this case, the boundary is culture. The dilemma of the mestiza lies in her multiple cultural boundaries. Most of the time, the mestiza identity is challenged by paradoxical cultural realities. Divided loyalties exist because of the constant redefinition of the self in the context of â€Å"conflicting information and points of view† (101). Why is there a tolerance for ambiguity? Anzaldua captures this in the statement: â€Å"Rigidity is death.† (101)The concept of divided loyalties elucidates the readers in the intricacies of the dualities of race. Before the â€Å"new consciousness†, people are consumed in the dualities of culture and race but Anzaldua recognized that without a transcendence of this bipolarization, a new consciousness will never be attained. The dual and mutually exclusivist nature of culture is fertile soil for hostility and animosity. The concept of divided loyalties is unique in such a way that the other (i.e. Whites) is perceived as allies instead of enemies.This is what I would call the â€Å"recognition of allies outside the boundaries of our identity.† Next to this recognition is the others’ revisiting of truths that were denied, forgotten or disregarded. Anzaldua affirms this by stating: â€Å"We need you to accept the fact that Chicanos are different, to acknowledge your rejection and negation of us. We need you to own the fact that you looked upon us as less than human, that you stole our lands, our personhood, our self-respect†¦ by taking back the collective shadow, the intra-cultural split will heal.† (107-108).While there is an attempt to seek for allies in â€Å"others† (i.e. enemies), there is also the need for revisiting past injustices. Without re visiting them, there would be reconciliation for the clashes, the un choque, within and without the self. Anzaldua’s call for an acknowledgement of mistakes and recognition of White allies might seem to be an anomalous response to the clash of cultures and yet ushering in a new consciousness calls for a new approach, a possible paradigmatic shift.It is tempting to assume that Anzaldua’s thoughts focus on the differences among the different dualities. The concept of divided loyalties is evidence supporting this fact. It is interesting to understand that divided loyalties show only one side of the multi-faceted and dynamic relation of identities and cultural boundaries. Crucial to the act of defining what makes different groups or individuals unique is also the act of finding the sameness co-existing among these differences.While there is the duality of Anglo and the Mexican, there is also the opposing identities and social constructions based on sexes. Male dominance fe atures strongly in Anzaldua’s discussions. The configurations of identities are complex that an area of sameness (i.e. Mexican culture) can also have independent elements that show differences (i.e. Mexican men and Mexican women). More importantly than posing the question what makes us different, is asking what makes us the same?The mestiza capability of â€Å"walking in and out of different cultures† can present a danger namely having a divided loyalty. Conversely, this same ability of the mestiza enables her to identify with others that are different by probing and looking into boundaries that are common denominators in different cultures. Of the Mexican-Indian difference, sameness can be found. Anzaldua writes, â€Å"It is imperative that mestizas support each other in changing the sexist elements in the Mexican-Indian culture. As long as woman is put down, the Indian and the Black   in all of us is put down. The struggle of the mestiza is above all a feminist on e.† (106).Despite the concept of divided loyalties and the conventional behavior of animosity towards the other, Anzaldua emphasizes on creating avenues of action that would highlight sameness in the midst of differences. This phenomenon actually transfigures the mestiza into someone transcendent of her boundaries. I allude to this as â€Å"reaching out to humanity.†One undeniably appropriate example for divided loyalties is the struggle of indigenous people, specifically Native American Indians, for their identity which is juxtaposed with the desire to belong to the American way of life. Ideally, one might pursue a life exclusively rooted in indigenous cultural identity or to embrace the American dream which leaves indigenous lifestyles behind. Surprisingly, Native American Indians show a hybridization of ideas and cultures. Some might call it a post-modern worldview—taking in, reinterpreting, reimagining and redefining the world and the self as one pleases. Cle arly, when an individual or the collective consciousness of a culture aspires for such hybridization, loyalties are automatically compromised or divided.It is important to reiterate that this new consciousness and new identity should not be seen in a negative way. In spite of the challenges to the indigenous peoples of the world, their identities thrive. Remember, â€Å"Rigidity is death.†Another example for divided loyalties is the diffused way of looking at things, as if we â€Å"have all melted in the pot, but haven’t.† (108). It is a conventional way of thinking for the rest of the world to abhor the US. Americanism, in a cultural sense, is largely detested. Politically, the US remains the world’s hegemonic power although many Americans would deny this as a fact. While Anzaldua does not point this out, the world has become an American mestiza. The countries of the world look at themselves and their clear-cut boundaries of identity are prominent.Howeve r, under this presupposition is the subtle trend towards Americanism, as evident in the world’s knowledge of American culture, love of Brangelina, desire for the American dream, skill of the English language, use of American technology, among other things. While the countries of the world quintessentially retain their identity, the majority have collectively fallen into the concept of divided loyalties. The countries still have their identities, but they take on new forms, they have the ability for mutually exclusive concepts such as nationalism diffuse with Americanism or internationalism.One might consider that the new consciousness ushered is a necessary embrace of the minorities towards its melting into the greater majority. Ironically, the melting happens, and yet the inimitable identities of the selves remain. While Anzaldua believes in compromise such as finding White allies to further the cause of minorities, and the concept of divided loyalties might show how one exc lusive boundary of identity can melt into the boundaries of another, her idea of a new consciousness still recognizes the legitimacy of the struggle of the less powerful. Talking in terms of race, this implies minority-majority conflictions that would need to be addressed. Furthermore, Anzaldua does not conform to passivity in the midst of constant changing of forms. This is indicated in the statement: â€Å"This land was Mexican once/ was Indian always/ and is./ And will be again.† (113).Divided loyalties exist because the boundaries of identities (both of the self and the collective) are no longer defined structures. Conflicting realities will never co-exist, albeit the mestiza has the capacity to transcend its dualities. While divided loyalties can be a threat to the self, it is capable of bringing forth a new beauty of a newly defined identity.Bibliography:Gloria, Anzaldua. â€Å"La Conciencia de la Mestiza, Towards a New Consciousness† Borderlands, La Frontera: Th e New Mestiza. 2nd Edition. Aunt Lute Books:

How Does John Steinbeck Create the Theme of Loliness in of Mice and Men

The Theme of Loneliness in of Mice and Men Summary:    Loneliness plays an important role in John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men. As Steinbeck illustrates through Curley's wife, Candy, and Crooks, companionship and a sense of belonging are vital to human happiness; all three characters face problems and negative feelings because of their loneliness and isolation. [pic] Loneliness is one of the primary themes in Of Mice and Men. Throughout the novel, John Steinbeck shows the enormous effect that loneliness has on the characters. Steinbeck most clearly illustrates this theme through Crooks, Candy, and Curley's wife. Ranch hands are ideal types of people to portray as being lonely, because their constant travel leaves them without someone to talk to or share things with. Steinbeck also shows how important it is for every human being to have a companion. Companionship is necessary in order for someone to live an enjoyable life. Although loneliness affects each one of the characters in Of Mice and Men differently, they all experience negative feelings from their lack of companionship. In Of Mice and Men, no other character outwardly conveys their loneliness more so than Curley's wife. She†¦.. Curly's wife is perhaps one of the most significant themes of loneliness in the novel. She flirts with all the guys on the farm and dresses and acts like a **** because her husband does not love her,leaves her alone all day and she's lonely. Weirdly enough,I felt sorry for her because she is trapped feeling lonely in a loveless marriage,and besides no one on the ranch ever really gives her a chance to be change,they just take one look at her and say â€Å"She's trouble†,or â€Å"I think Curly's wife is a tart†. †¢Crooks is another great theme of lonliness in the novel too. Because Crooks is African-American during the Great Depression,he is left out of the crowd at the ranch,and spends his days all alone in the stable,thus he is called The Stable Buck

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