How Logical Fallacy Invalidates Any Argument

How Logical Fallacy Invalidates Any Argument Fallacies are defects that cause an argument to be invalid, unsound, or weak. Logical fallacies can be separated into two general groups: formal and informal. A formal fallacy is a defect which can be identified merely by looking at the logical structure of an argument, rather than at any specific statements. Informal fallacies are defects which can be identified only through an analysis of the actual content of the argument. Formal Fallacies Formal fallacies are found only in deductive arguments with identifiable forms. One of the things which makes them appear reasonable is the fact that they look like and mimic valid logical arguments, but are in fact invalid. Here is an example: Premise: All humans are mammals.Premise: All cats are mammals.Conclusion: All humans are cats. Both premises in this argument are true, but the conclusion is false. The defect is a formal fallacy, and can be demonstrated by reducing the argument to its bare structure: All A are CAll B are CAll A are B It does not matter what A, B, and C stand for. We could replace them with wines, milk, and beverages. The argument would still be invalid for the exact same reason. It can be helpful to reduce an argument to its structure and ignore content in order to see if it is valid. Informal Fallacies Informal fallacies are defects which can be identified only through an analysis of the actual content of the argument, rather than through its structure. Here is an example: Premise: Geological events produce rock.Premise: Rock is a type of music.Conclusion: Geological events produce music. The premises in this argument are true but clearly, the conclusion is false. Is the defect a formal fallacy or an informal fallacy? To see if this is actually a formal fallacy, we have to break it down to its basic structure: A BB CA C This structure is valid. Therefore, the defect cannot be a formal fallacy and must instead be an informal fallacy that is identifiable from the content. When we examine the content, we find that a key term (rock) is being used with two different definitions. Informal fallacies can work in several ways. Some distract the reader from what is really going on. Some, like in the above example, make use of ambiguity to cause confusion. Defective Arguments There are many ways to categorize fallacies. Aristotle was the first to try to systematically describe and categorize them, identifying 13 fallacies divided into two groups. Since then,  many more have been described and the categorization has become more complicated. The categorization used here should prove useful, but it is not the only valid way of organizing fallacies. Fallacies of Grammatical Analogy Arguments with this defect have a structure that is grammatically close to arguments which are valid and make no fallacies. Because of this close similarity, a reader can be distracted into thinking that a bad argument is actually valid. Fallacies of Ambiguity With these fallacies, some sort of ambiguity is introduced either in the premises or in the conclusion itself. This way, an apparently false idea can be made to appear true so long as the reader does not notice the problematic definitions. Examples: Equivocation FallacyNo True Scotsman FallacyQuoting out of ContextFallacies of Relevance These fallacies all make use of premises which are logically irrelevant to the final conclusion. Examples: Ad HominemAppeals to AuthorityAppeals to Emotion and DesireFallacies of Presumption Logical fallacies of presumption arise because the premises already assume what they are supposed to prove. This is invalid because there is no point in trying to prove something you already assume to be true. No one who needs to have something proven to them will accept a premise which already assumes the truth of that idea. Examples: Begging the QuestionComplex QuestionFalse DilemmaFallacies of Weak Induction With this type of fallacy, there may be an apparent logical connection between the premises and the conclusion. However, if that connection is real, then it is too weak to support the conclusion. Examples: Ad Hoc RationalizationOversimplification Exaggeration Sources Barker, Stephen F. Elements of Logic. Hardcover - 1675, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Curti, Gary N. Weblog. Fallacy Files, March 31, 2019.   Edwards, Paul (Editor). The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Hardcover, 1st edition, Macmillan/Collier, 1972. Engel, S. Morris. With Good Reason: An Introduction to Informal Fallacies. Sixth Edition, Bedford/St. Martins, March 21, 2014. Hurley, Patrick J. A Concise Introduction to Logic. 12 Edition, Cengage Learning, January 1, 2014. Salmon, Merrilee H. Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking. 6th Edition, Cengage Learning, January 1, 2012. Vos Savant, Marilyn. The Power of Logical Thinking: Easy Lessons in the Art of Reasoning...and Hard Facts About Its Absence in Our Lives. Hardcover, 1st edition, St Martins Press, March 1, 1996.

Didelphodon - Facts and Figures

Didelphodon - Facts and Figures Name: Didelphodon (Greek for opossum tooth); pronounced die-DELL-foe-don Habitat: Swamps, lakes and rivers of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (70-65 million years ago) Size and Weight: About one foot long and a few pounds Diet: Insects and small animals; possibly omnivorous Distinguishing Characteristics: Opossum-like teeth; semi-aquatic lifestyle; short, powerful jaws About Didelphodon Throughout the history of life on earth, marsupials have been mostly confined to two continents: Australia (where the vast majority of pouched mammals live today) and Cenozoic South America. However, one family of marsupialsthe pint-sized opossumshave prospered in North America for tens of millions of years, and are represented today by dozens of species. Didelphodon (Greek for opossum tooth), which lived in late Cretaceous North America alongside the last of the dinosaurs, is one of the earliest opossum ancestors yet known; as far as we can tell, this Mesozoic mammal wasnt significantly different from its modern descendants, burrowing underground during the day and hunting for insects, snails and possibly the hatchlings of prehistoric turtles at night. One of the odd things about Didelphodon is that it was apparently suited to a semi-aquatic lifestyle: the recently discovered skeleton of a nearly intact specimen, recovered near a Triceratops individual, reveals a sleek, otter-like body equipped with a Tasmanian Devil-like head and strong jaws, which may have been used to feast on mollusks in lakes and rivers, as well as insects, plants, and pretty much anything that moved. However, one shouldnt take Didelphodons guest appearances on animated TV documentaries too literally: in one episode of Walking with Dinosaurs, this tiny mammal is depicted unsuccessfully raiding a clutch of Tyrannosaurus Rex eggs, and an installment of Prehistoric Planet shows Didelphodon scavenging the carcass of a juvenile Torosaurus!

Group portfolio Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Group portfolio - Research Paper Example However, the organization sticks to its beliefs that successful companies move with the time while still devoting to developing a healthy and dynamic enterprise. One of the core cultural values that Haier group has is the rights and wrongs sense whereby the product users are considered always to be right while the company need to regularly improve itself (Sprague, 2002). The culture acts as the driving force, hence forming value for the customers; the employees work their best to meet the customer’s needs in addition to generating a wide variety of choices that they can choose from. The workforce has a mind-set, whereby, they feel the need to persistently advance themselves, which they perceive to be the only way they can continually refuse, dare and outdo themselves in order to realize their innovative character through change. The organization, in addition, has an adaptive culture that has led to its growth, whereby it maintains its pace with the social growth while maintaining an awareness of any changes occuring in the world. Its innovative character enables the firm to uphold a competitive benefit in the ever-changing market. Tha t is to say, the more radical the world changes the quicker the speed of customer’s variation, hence, the more lasting the inheritance turns out to be (Lin, 2005). In addition, the organization has employed the concept of two spirits, innovation and entrepreneurship, which are considered to be the genes for the company’s consistent culture. The genes ensure that all members of the workforce maintain their value in addition to guiding them in their individual development. It is also mandated for every employee to have the entrepreneurship and innovation spirits. Entrepreneurship is considered to be the spirit of pioneering work in which the company persuades all employees to have it (Yi, Jinsheng and Xian, 2002). They are encouraged to transform from being

434Mod3Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

434Mod3Case - Essay Example According to the U.S Supreme Court, the video games provide various conflicting situations and conditions to a number of children globally (Totilo, 2010). This also affects their parentage ability as parents are also influenced in this video gaming system. There are many cases involving video games especially in U.S Supreme Court where the offenders claim that video games affects their children upbringing and also leads to violence among them (Totilo, 2010). For example, in mid June the year 2011, the U.S Supreme Court wanted to ban the sale of various video games. However, the first amendment procedures stop them from doing so and later the California Supreme Court decided to ban some violent video games that were considered destructive to children. There are various video game designers in the country including the Nintendo toy games company that was founded in 1889 (Anderson, & Sakamoto, 2008). The firm developed their first video game in 1979 including the first portable video game for children that was designed later in 1980 (Totilo, 2010). The designers of these video games should and must be forced to take the responsibility of various depictions of violent and interpersonal conflicts especially on children of various age groups. The court should properly analyze the effects of video games on children and come out with the best strategy to control this violent act among the children (Anderson, & Sakamoto, 2008). Video games have been available in the global entertainment industry for around thirty years (Totilo, 2011). The recent video games mostly involve the players emotional as well as physically feelings and this makes them have profound impact on children (Totilo, 2010). Currently, around eighty percent of children in the U.S play video games daily and this promote the sales of video games globally (Totilo, 2011). One of major positive impact that video games have on

Project Mercury and Its Legacy Essay Example for Free

Project Mercury and Its Legacy Essay In the twentieth century, the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in a competition called the Space Race. This was a race to who would be the first country to send a rocket and a human being up into space. Although the Soviet Union was the first to send both a rocket and a human up into space, the United States successfully carried out a space mission called Project Mercury. Project Mercury was carried out in 1959 and came to a conclusion in 1963. It was the first human spaceflight program that was undertaken by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). From when it was first introduced, to when the space mission was carried out, and when it had succumbed to its end, Project Mercury became an important mission which left one of the greatest legacies in United States history. In the initiation of Project Mercury, the government began a search for seven great Americans who would become United Statess first astronauts. To be considered for the position, the Americans had to meet some requirements, which were as follows: needed to be test pilots, needed to be no taller than 511, needed to weigh no more than 180 pounds, needed to be under the age of forty, needed to have a Bachelors degree or equivalent, have 1,500 hours of flying time, and have qualifications for flying jets. In addition to the requirements, the pilots had to go through rigorous testing and training that would assure that they were capable handling problems the spacecraft and the flight may pose on them. Out of the handful of pilots who met these requirements, only seven were chosen to become Americas first astronauts who were Alan Shepard, Gus Grissom, John Glenn, Scott Carpenter, Wally Schirra, Gordon Cooper, and Deke Slayton. Since these flights were going to be manned, NASA contracted Max Faget as the primary designer, along with a team of engineers to build the Mercury Spacecraft. Its design was a cone-shaped one-man capsule with a cylinder mounted on top. Two meters (6 ft, 10 in) long, 1.9 meters (6 ft, 2 1/2 in) in diameter, a 5.8 meter (19 ft, 2 in) escape tower was fastened to the cylinder of the capsule. The blunt end was covered with an ablative heat shield to protect it against the 3000 degree heat of entry into the atmosphere (Mercury Spacecraft). This design would be the first capsule that would go up into space. Project Mercury was finally undertaken after all of the seven American Astronauts were physically and mentally prepared, the spacecraft was built, and the rockets were safe to launch. Before America could send the first human up into space, they needed to make sure that the rocket was not going to blow up as it had done in launch tests. Engineers and scientists were working hard to accomplish this, but trial after trial, the rockets were always blowing up. Finally, NASA was able to perfect the rocket, and on May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard was the first American to be launched into space on the spacecraft called Freedom 7. This event was one of the greatest moments for America which anticipated further launches into space to explore what is beyond Earths atmosphere. The second flight was manned by Gus Grissom who was launched into space on the spacecraft called Liberty Bell on July 21, 1961. He successfully was able to complete a suborbital flight, but as he landed, his spacecraft hatch blew open and NASA was not able to recover the spacecraft. The first American to orbit the Earth was the third flight using the Friendship 7 spacecraft that was manned by John Glenn on February 20, 1962. He was only able to orbit the Earth three times due to concerns about the spacecrafts heat shield. Then, on May 15, 1963, Gordon Cooper became the first American to be in space for over a day and successfully orbited the Earth twenty-two times using the Faith 7 spacecraft. He was also the last American astronaut to be launched into space alone. Ultimately, Project Mercury came to its end creating one of the greatest legacies of United States history. The overall cost for Project Mercury added up to $1.6 billion in inflation-adjusted dollars (Program Cost). There are numerous legacies that Project Mercury left to Americans. One of those legacies is the will of America to continue the space programs after President John F. Kennedy said that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before the decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth (President Kennedys Challenge). Also, Project Mercurys greatest legacy is that it was United States first successful human spaceflight program. Project Mercury also influenced author Tom Wolfe who wrote the book The Right Stuff, which was later developed into a movie directed by Philip Kaufman. In conclusion, from the inception and up to the end of the space program, Project Mercury was a prominent accomplishment for the United States, leaving one of the greatest legacies for America. It changed the game of how America would accomplish its goals of becoming the first country to send an astronaut to the moon. At the end, the seven American astronauts who were chosen to be part of the space program will always be part of United States history and Project Mercury will continue to be the reason for where we are today pertaining to Americas advanced space program.

Frank Gehry Essay -- Biography Biographical Essays

Frank Gehry Quote â€Å"When everybody else is ready for the ending, I’m just ready to begin,† Frank Gehry once wrote. â€Å"It’s been the story of my life† (qtd. in Templer, 1999, pp.1) Laying the Foundation Born on 28 February 1929 in Toronto, Canada, Frank O. Goldberg entered a household with a strong Polish and Jewish heritage. Twenty years earlier, Thelma Caplanski left Poland with her parents, a couple with deep religious morals. Once they settled in Toronto, the two decided to change their last name to Caplan. The owner of a hardware store, her father was also the president of a synagogue. His wife, Frank’s grandmother, was said to have good visual abilities. Thelma would continue working with the Jewish community through a Yiddish theater and the Jewish Women’s Organization as she raised Frank. Like several of Howard Gardner’s figures, Frank was close with his mother and grandmother. Frank’s father, Irving Goldberg was born to Polish immigrants in Brooklyn, New York. He lived a hard life and had to work as a kid after his father died when he was 11. Since Irving liked to fight on the streets for money, Frank would learn these skills at a later age. Frank would later be a boxer and participated in full contact karate. When Irving moved to Canada as he moved from job to job, he met Thelma and they ultimately got married. A good student, Frank went to a Hebrew school and his best subject was math; he even spoke Yiddish (Hines, 1986). In later years, his French schooling would give him an advantage while he worked in Europe (Hines, 1986; Templer, 1999). For seven years, he worked in his grandfather’s hardware store where he began to notice the variety of supplies th... ...tions, Inc. Kandela, P. (2001). The buildings of Frank Gehry. The Lancet, 358, 677-678. Levene, R. C., et al. Frank Gehry 1991-1995. El Croquis, 74/75, 5. Temko, Allan. (1993). No Way to Build a Ballpark: and Other Irreverent Essays on Architecture. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. Templer, K. (1999, October 5). Frank Gehry. People. http://www.salon.com/people/bc/1999/10/05/gehry/print.html (2001 November 14). Frank Gehry: Architect. Guggenheim Museum. http://www.guggenheim.org/exhibitions/gehry/biography.html (2001 November 14). Frank Gehry:Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate 1989. Complete List of Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureates 1979 – 2001 http://www.pritzkerprize.com/gehry.htm Picture Web Links: http://www.pritzkerprize.com/gehry/gehrypg.htm http://www.guggenheim.org/exhibitions/gehry/ http://www.frank-gehry.com/projects.htm

Physics Investigatory Project Essay

-catch the attention, concise, accurate, and descriptive. -the phrase â€Å"A Study to Show† should be avoided, because in research you do not seek to prove something, but rather to find an answer B. Abstract -gives the essential or principal features of the project of the study -summary of the study which includes the objectives, procedures, and the result of the study CHAPTER 1 C. Introduction -presents the reasons that led the investigator to launch the study -a historical background maybe given -may state some observations and relevant conditions that prompted the investigator to launch the study. D. Statement of the Problem -the nature and scope of the problem should be presented with clarity. 1) General Objective- this is related to the problem as given in the early part 2) Specific Objective- this states the purpose of each experiment conducted E. Significance of the study -the importance of the study is explained in this part. -indicate the groups that will benefit on your study F. Scope and Limitations -states the coverage and extent of the study -states the focus of the study -states the samples and sampling techniques (e.g. this study is conducted in LCC-C with 30 respondents coming from fourth year†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.the researchers used questionnaires†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..) CHAPTER 2 G. Review of Related Literature -sufficient background information should be presented for readers to understand and evaluate the results of the present study and theories written on the topic should be included. -includes local and foreign related studies -note: do not just copy and paste the articles or any other related research on this part. The researchers should rephrase some statements to make it their own. -Use APA style in citing your references CHAPTER 3 H. Methodology –provides enough details so that a competent worker can repeat the experiments. -includes materials and general procedures. -materials and procedures should be supported by pictures CHAPTER IV I. Results and Discussion 1. Findings- the data may be presented in full and discussed descriptively in text or these maybe summarized by tables, pictures, and graphs 2. Analysis of Data- the interpretation of the findings are discussed and the significant features shown in the tables, figures or paragraphs are pointed out. 3. Conclusions- the general truth implied or illustrated by the results should be clearly stated. The evidence based on the results should be summarized for each statement. 4. Recommendations- consists of suggestions on future actions such as a new direction of research or further experiments to be performed, practices that might be adapted or discarded in order to attain certain goals or objectives. CHAPTER V- Bibliography

Informative Speech Outline

Every year we are given 365 days, 8,765 hours, 526,000 minutes, or 31. 6 million seconds. How we spend this time is entirely different, but that's what makes us unique from everyone else. As a college student, managing your time is everything. From choosing how long to study to what people you hang out with the most affects your college years tremendously. Subject Sentence: Depending on how you spend your time can make you fail or succeed. Connective: To begin with, Body I) Have set clear goals Personal Goals A. 1.Definable goal that helps better yourself 2. Must have balance B. Career or Academic Goals 1. Must be realistic 2. Have a set deadline 3. Create a calendar 4. Be driven Connective: Next, II) Time Efficiency A. Plan your day out 1. Decide how to allot your time 2. Include both work and personal obligations 3. Use a planner 4. Make a to-do list 5. Pretzel tasks B. Make sacrifices 1. Decide what tasks are mandatory vs.. What tasks can be put off 2. Understand and accept that t here is only 24 hours in each day and that not everything can always be done C.Avoid Procrastination 1 . Start as soon as possible not as late as possible 2. Say no more often 3. Turn off your cell phone and other electronics 4. Know and be able to recognize the difference between â€Å"l don't want to† and † have time†. 5. Have allotted alone time 6. Be responsible for yourself Connective: In comparison, these are the dangers of not managing time well, Ill) Dangers of not managing time well A. Falling behind in classes 1 . Bad grades 2. Rushed assignments 3. Unpreserved for class 4. Failing out of school or getting fired from a Job B. Causes Stress 1.Miss out on other opportunities 2. Strained relationships 3. Mentally unhealthy a. Strained relationships b. Isolation from others . Depression d. Memory problems e. Constant worrying 4. Physically unhealthy a. Disrupted sleep b. Isolation c. Headaches d. Weight loss or gain Connective: In conclusion, Conclusion I do n't Everyone deals with time management every day but not everyone manages his or best for you and use them. The ability to get that 4. 0 or promotion might Just be a matter of managing your time in a better manner. Time is the only thing we really can't afford to lose. Informative Speech Outline Title: Fastest Production Car Bugatti Veyron EB 16. 4. Speaker: Bharath Tripuraneni Specific Purpose: To Inform Thesis Statement: From the history of the car till design and mechanics. Introduction I. Attention-getter: Even though there are cars, which are faster than Veyron, this car has rose to fame because of it mechanics and design, which made it a street legal car. II. Establishment of ethos: I am credible to talk about this car as I have done research related to this car and I am a car enthusiast. III. Thematic statement: From the history of the car till design and mechanics.IV. Preview (each main point): First †¦ I am going to talk about the history of the car. Next †¦ The design of the car. Finally†¦ The mechanics of the car. (Transition) Now I am going to talk about the Origin of the car. Body I. Origin of the car. A. The car has been designed and developed by the Volkswagen Group. 1. In 1998, the Volkswagen Group purchased the former car manufacturer Bugatti in order to revive the brand. 2. The decision to start production of the car was taken by Volkswagen Group in 2001. The first roadworthy prototype was completed in august 2003.The prototype is identical to the produced car with minor changes, due to many technical problems; the production of the car has been delayed several times and was finally released on September 2005. B. The car was named in honor of Pierre Veyron. 1. A Bugatti development engineer, test driver and company race driver who, with co-driver Jean-Pierre Wilmille, won the 1939 Le Mans race while driving a Bugatti. 2. â€Å"EB† refers to Bugatti founder Ettore Bugatti and the â€Å"16. 4† refers to the engine which has 16 cylinders and 4 turbochargers. Internal Summary) This car was designed and developed in 2001 and released in 2005 under the honor of Bugatti racecar driver Pierre Veyron. (Transition) Now that we have talked about the origin of the car, I will discuss the design of the car. II. Design of the car. A. The design of the Veyron honors a great heritage of the company design without drifting off into retro style. 1. Every detail of the classic two-tone color scheme from the 1920s and the 1930’s resulting in the typical Bugatti profile. 2.Ettore Bugatti himself used the contrasting colors for his cars, which is also been used on the Veyron. B. The Veyron’s classic paintwork and harmonious design connect this state-of-the-art super sports car to the heritage of Bugatti automobiles. 1. The large radiator grill with the hand-enameled Bugatti emblem – represents the grandness of the Veyron. 2. The sports car’s front is defined by the contrast of its broad headlights and majestic grill and the rear end, which is 1. 99m wide, has a retractable spoiler, which is also used as an air brake. Internal Summary) this car has the typical Bugatti two-tone color scheme started by Ettore Bugatti and a rear spoiler, which is also used as an air brake. (Transit ion) now that we have talked about the design of the car, I will discuss the mechanics of the car. III. Mechanics of the car. A. Specifications of the car.1. The Veyron features an 8. 0-liter, quad-turbocharged, W16 cylinder engine, which means the engine, is made of two V8 engines attached in a W shape which produces 1001 horse power. and a top speed of 253. 81 mph. he car goes from 0-60 mph in 2. 46 seconds. 2. Normally a car has one radiator, but the Veyron has 10 radiators in order to cool the engine down, as it produces so much heat. B. Performance of the car. 1. The car goes from 0-60 mph in 2. 46 seconds and has a top speed of 253. 81 mph. 2. EPA highway driving gives 13miles per gallon and city 8, but when put in top speed mode gives 3 miles per gallon per minute or it drinks 1. 4 gallons of fuel per minute. (Internal Summary) Veyron produces 1001 horsepower, which has a top speed of 253. 1 mph and gives 13 miles on highway and 8 on city. (Transition to conclusion) Now, we h ave talked about the mechanics of the car. Conclusion I. Summarize (overall theme): Bugatti Veyron is the fastest production car in the world . II. Review (Each Main Point) 1. Today I first described the origin of the car 2. Second, I described the design of the car 3. Finally, the mechanics of the car. III. Tie to the Introduction: From the origin of the car till the design and mechanics.IV. Creative concluding thought (end with impact): The car uses Michelin PAX run-flat tires, which are designed specifically to accommodate the Veyron’s top speed, which cost $25,000 per set. And when the car is driven on top speed mode, engineers of the car know that the tires will burst after a certain point, so they made sure that whole tank of fuel finishes before the tiers burst. References: http://www. bugatti. com/en/veyron-16. 4/design. html Car and Driver Auto Magazine. Informative Speech Outline Every year we are given 365 days, 8,765 hours, 526,000 minutes, or 31. 6 million seconds. How we spend this time is entirely different, but that's what makes us unique from everyone else. As a college student, managing your time is everything. From choosing how long to study to what people you hang out with the most affects your college years tremendously. Subject Sentence: Depending on how you spend your time can make you fail or succeed. Connective: To begin with, Body I) Have set clear goals Personal Goals A. 1.Definable goal that helps better yourself 2. Must have balance B. Career or Academic Goals 1. Must be realistic 2. Have a set deadline 3. Create a calendar 4. Be driven Connective: Next, II) Time Efficiency A. Plan your day out 1. Decide how to allot your time 2. Include both work and personal obligations 3. Use a planner 4. Make a to-do list 5. Pretzel tasks B. Make sacrifices 1. Decide what tasks are mandatory vs.. What tasks can be put off 2. Understand and accept that t here is only 24 hours in each day and that not everything can always be done C.Avoid Procrastination 1 . Start as soon as possible not as late as possible 2. Say no more often 3. Turn off your cell phone and other electronics 4. Know and be able to recognize the difference between â€Å"l don't want to† and † have time†. 5. Have allotted alone time 6. Be responsible for yourself Connective: In comparison, these are the dangers of not managing time well, Ill) Dangers of not managing time well A. Falling behind in classes 1 . Bad grades 2. Rushed assignments 3. Unpreserved for class 4. Failing out of school or getting fired from a Job B. Causes Stress 1.Miss out on other opportunities 2. Strained relationships 3. Mentally unhealthy a. Strained relationships b. Isolation from others . Depression d. Memory problems e. Constant worrying 4. Physically unhealthy a. Disrupted sleep b. Isolation c. Headaches d. Weight loss or gain Connective: In conclusion, Conclusion I do n't Everyone deals with time management every day but not everyone manages his or best for you and use them. The ability to get that 4. 0 or promotion might Just be a matter of managing your time in a better manner. Time is the only thing we really can't afford to lose. Informative Speech Outline General Purpose: I am giving this speech because this topic is very important to me and I want you to know about it as well. Specific Purpose: I am going to be informing my audience about Rachel’s Challenge in hopes of sharing Rachel’s story. I. Introduction 1. In the year 1999, a tragedy at Columbine High school occurred. This is what help start Rachel’s Challenge. 2. Bullying never leads to good out comes. Rachel’s story is proof of that. 3. Today I am here to inform you about Rachel’s Challenge, Rachel’s story, and what bullying can lead to.First I am going to inform you about Rachel’s challenge and what it is exactly. II. Body A. Rachel’s Challenge 1. 160,000 students don’t go to school because they are bullied, teased, and harassed each day. Rachel’s Challenge is helping create safer and better learning environments and making a world wide impact because Rachel’s family decided to make the Columbine Hig h School tragedy a mission for a change. 2. Rachel’s Challenge isn’t just meant to create change in schools around the world, it is to create change in businesses as well. It is to help create an environment of kindness, compassion, and safety.This is all according to www. rachelschallenge. org. 3. Now that I have told you about Rachel’s Challenge,†¦ †¦I will now inform you about Rachel’s story. B. Rachel’s Story 1. According to Craig Scott, a man I saw tell Rachel’s story, Rachel was the middle of five kids, but she handled that pretty well. She was very social and never passed up a sleep over at a friend’s house, a school event, or playing a board game with her family. Rachel loved being around people, it energized her. Her parents said that she could light up a room with her presence.She loved music and photography as well. Rachel wasn’t worried about anything besides her profile. When she was 5, she fell on the si de walk and broke her nose. The accident left a bump on the bridge of her nose which made her worry that people were staring at it when they spoke to her. 2. Rachel was very kind. She always felt sympathy for those who were less fortunate than she was. She tried to reach out to people who had social, mental, and/or physical handicaps. She was a kind girl, and she learned the power of compliments and acts of kindness at an early age.This is all according to www. rachelschallenge. org. 3. Now that I have told you about Rachel’s Challenge and Rachel’s story,†¦ †¦I will now inform you what bullying can lead to. C. What Bullying can Lead to 1. As I said before, bullying never leads to good outcomes. It can do horrible things to people. According to wiki. answers. com, when I asked the answer â€Å"What bullying can do to a person,† they said that bullying can lead a person into depression, and eventually that depression that a person is driven into will mak e them feel like they hate their life.Also according to wiki. answers. com, a person who already feels like they hate their life will feel the need to commit suicide when what they should really do is go to someone. 2. So many deaths are caused by the person’s own hand because of bullying. This is why Rachel’s Challenge was started. III. Conclusion A. Now that you know what Rachel’s Challenge is, Rachel’s story, and what bullying can lead to, I hope you will follow Rachel in bringing kindness and compassion to the world. Works Cited www. rachelschallenge. org Wiki. answers. com Craig Scott Informative Speech Outline General Purpose: I am giving this speech because this topic is very important to me and I want you to know about it as well. Specific Purpose: I am going to be informing my audience about Rachel’s Challenge in hopes of sharing Rachel’s story. I. Introduction 1. In the year 1999, a tragedy at Columbine High school occurred. This is what help start Rachel’s Challenge. 2. Bullying never leads to good out comes. Rachel’s story is proof of that. 3. Today I am here to inform you about Rachel’s Challenge, Rachel’s story, and what bullying can lead to.First I am going to inform you about Rachel’s challenge and what it is exactly. II. Body A. Rachel’s Challenge 1. 160,000 students don’t go to school because they are bullied, teased, and harassed each day. Rachel’s Challenge is helping create safer and better learning environments and making a world wide impact because Rachel’s family decided to make the Columbine Hig h School tragedy a mission for a change. 2. Rachel’s Challenge isn’t just meant to create change in schools around the world, it is to create change in businesses as well. It is to help create an environment of kindness, compassion, and safety.This is all according to www. rachelschallenge. org. 3. Now that I have told you about Rachel’s Challenge,†¦ †¦I will now inform you about Rachel’s story. B. Rachel’s Story 1. According to Craig Scott, a man I saw tell Rachel’s story, Rachel was the middle of five kids, but she handled that pretty well. She was very social and never passed up a sleep over at a friend’s house, a school event, or playing a board game with her family. Rachel loved being around people, it energized her. Her parents said that she could light up a room with her presence.She loved music and photography as well. Rachel wasn’t worried about anything besides her profile. When she was 5, she fell on the si de walk and broke her nose. The accident left a bump on the bridge of her nose which made her worry that people were staring at it when they spoke to her. 2. Rachel was very kind. She always felt sympathy for those who were less fortunate than she was. She tried to reach out to people who had social, mental, and/or physical handicaps. She was a kind girl, and she learned the power of compliments and acts of kindness at an early age.This is all according to www. rachelschallenge. org. 3. Now that I have told you about Rachel’s Challenge and Rachel’s story,†¦ †¦I will now inform you what bullying can lead to. C. What Bullying can Lead to 1. As I said before, bullying never leads to good outcomes. It can do horrible things to people. According to wiki. answers. com, when I asked the answer â€Å"What bullying can do to a person,† they said that bullying can lead a person into depression, and eventually that depression that a person is driven into will mak e them feel like they hate their life.Also according to wiki. answers. com, a person who already feels like they hate their life will feel the need to commit suicide when what they should really do is go to someone. 2. So many deaths are caused by the person’s own hand because of bullying. This is why Rachel’s Challenge was started. III. Conclusion A. Now that you know what Rachel’s Challenge is, Rachel’s story, and what bullying can lead to, I hope you will follow Rachel in bringing kindness and compassion to the world. Works Cited www. rachelschallenge. org Wiki. answers. com Craig Scott Informative Speech Outline Every year we are given 365 days, 8,765 hours, 526,000 minutes, or 31. 6 million seconds. How we spend this time is entirely different, but that's what makes us unique from everyone else. As a college student, managing your time is everything. From choosing how long to study to what people you hang out with the most affects your college years tremendously. Subject Sentence: Depending on how you spend your time can make you fail or succeed. Connective: To begin with, Body I) Have set clear goals Personal Goals A. 1.Definable goal that helps better yourself 2. Must have balance B. Career or Academic Goals 1. Must be realistic 2. Have a set deadline 3. Create a calendar 4. Be driven Connective: Next, II) Time Efficiency A. Plan your day out 1. Decide how to allot your time 2. Include both work and personal obligations 3. Use a planner 4. Make a to-do list 5. Pretzel tasks B. Make sacrifices 1. Decide what tasks are mandatory vs.. What tasks can be put off 2. Understand and accept that t here is only 24 hours in each day and that not everything can always be done C.Avoid Procrastination 1 . Start as soon as possible not as late as possible 2. Say no more often 3. Turn off your cell phone and other electronics 4. Know and be able to recognize the difference between â€Å"l don't want to† and † have time†. 5. Have allotted alone time 6. Be responsible for yourself Connective: In comparison, these are the dangers of not managing time well, Ill) Dangers of not managing time well A. Falling behind in classes 1 . Bad grades 2. Rushed assignments 3. Unpreserved for class 4. Failing out of school or getting fired from a Job B. Causes Stress 1.Miss out on other opportunities 2. Strained relationships 3. Mentally unhealthy a. Strained relationships b. Isolation from others . Depression d. Memory problems e. Constant worrying 4. Physically unhealthy a. Disrupted sleep b. Isolation c. Headaches d. Weight loss or gain Connective: In conclusion, Conclusion I do n't Everyone deals with time management every day but not everyone manages his or best for you and use them. The ability to get that 4. 0 or promotion might Just be a matter of managing your time in a better manner. Time is the only thing we really can't afford to lose.

buy custom Major Strategies behind Implementing Risk Management Programs essay

buy custom Major Strategies behind Implementing Risk Management Programs essay Introduction A risk is the likelihood of the occurrence of something that brings about a loss. Loses can be either direct or indirect depending on the situation. For example, such risks as earthquakes cause a direct loss of buildings. On the other hand, indirect losses include losing customer confidence or reputation, and increased operation costs in the process of recovering. Due to the advancement in technology, risk levels have risen. Therefore, there has been a need to put in place strategies that will be aimed at reducing risks facing an organization. The latter depend on several factors such as the size of a company and the complexity of business procedures. This paper examines various strategies that an organization can use in implementing risk management programs. Risk Management Risk management seeks to reduce, eliminate and control risks with an aim of enhancing advantages and avoiding detrimental effects of provisional exposure. Risk management aims at maximizing the possibility of success and reducing the probability of potential losses. It also involves the process of identifying, monitoring, measuring and controlling risks (Alhawari, Karadsheh, Talet, Mansour, 2012). The process of assessing risks includes identifying, evaluating the impact and recommending reduction measures; risk mitigation entails prioritizing, implementing, and maintaining appropriate risk control (Shenkir Walker, 2007). The major steps of risk management include identifying, establishing, analyzing, developing risk alleviation programs, monitoring and reviewing risk management strategies. The major approaches to the implementation of risk management programs in the field of technology include the following. Communication and Consultation The aim of communication and consultation is to identify people who should be involved in the process of assessing risks including the identification, evaluaion, and analysis of people who will be involved in reviewing and monitoring risks (Shenkir Walker, 2007). Such persons should have understanding of the decision-making process and the reason why certain actions are required when tackling risk issues (Alhawari et al., 2012). It is also important to use modern technology in this process. Establishing the Context Through the process of identifying the context, a company will define parameters that will be taken into consideration when running and setting the extent and risks criteria in a certain process. Establishing the context should be considered deeply to determine how it is associated with the scope of a given risk management program and the technology that may be required in the process. There are some steps, within which a threat should be recognized, and they include the outside context and the environment where a company seeks to achieve its main objectives. The inner context involves the domestic environment where a firm seeks to achieve its aims. The risk management context defines the scope, objectives and parameters of an organization where risk management strategies are applied. The development of risk evaluation criteria mainly aims at evaluating the importance of risks and defining their acceptable levels for a given activity (Shenkir Walker, 2007). The last step is the defi nition of the structure of risk analysis, which entails determining those categories of risks that can be managed. Risks Identification Risk recognition is the fundamental step in the process of threat management. It determines and reveals possible risks that have a high probability of occurring. In this process, various risks are investigated by considering the activities of organizations and all directions and attempts that may cause exposure to risks in the future from the varying external and inner environment. Accurate technology equipment may be used in risk identification. RRisk Analysis Risk analysis aims at assessing the impact of exposure and the likelihood of particular outcomes. The impact of risk exposure should be considered under the elements of quality, benefit, time and resources (Shenkir Walker, 2007). Risk analysis determines the possibility and the consequences of any negative impacts and then estimates the actual level of risks by combining the probability and the outcomes. The risk management team should use the modern technology in carrying out a risk analysis. Risk Evaluation Before one determines the likelihood, it is imperative to consider the risk tolerance level of the organization. The latter should consider the risk appetite and determine acceptable and unacceptable risks. The former levels of risk depend on the degree of voluntaries (Shenkir Walker, 2007). The process of risk assessment gives enough material for decision-making. Risk Treatment The process of risk treatment entails selecting and implementing several options for treating various risks. In addition, it should provide such options for risk treatment as changing the consequences, avoiding risks, changing the likelihood of occurrence, as well as sharing and retaining risks (Alhawari et al., 2012). Monitoring and Review The process of monitoring and reviewing is a necessary and integral part in the risk supervision process. Risks need to be monitored to ensure that the changing environment does not influence risk priorities and ensure that the process of risk management is effective in both operation and design (Radack, 2009). The organization should ensure that it reviews the process of monitoring at least on an annual basis. For the above to work it is imperative for a company to understand the process of organizing risk management (Alhawari et al., 2012). In the process of monitoring, modern technology can also be applied. Buy custom Major Strategies behind Implementing Risk Management Programs essay

Learn About Italian Easter Traditions and Customs

Learn About Italian Easter Traditions and Customs A huge explosion will be detonated Easter Sunday in front of the magnificent green– and white–marbled neogothic church in Florences centro storico. Instead of running in fear from a terrorists bomb, though, thousands of spectators will cheer the noise and smoke, for they will be witnesses to the annual Scoppio del Carro- explosion of the cart. For over 300 years the Easter celebration in Florence has included this ritual, during which an elaborate wagon, a structure built in 1679 and standing two to three stories high, is dragged through Florence behind a fleet of white oxen decorated in garlands. The pageantry ends in front of the Basilica di S. Maria del Fiore, where Mass is held. During the midday service, a holy fire is stoked by ancient stone chips from the Holy Sepulcher, and the Archbishop lights a dove–shaped rocket which travels down a wire and collides with the cart in the square, setting off spectacular fireworks and explosions to the cheers of all. A big bang ensures a good harvest, and a parade in medieval costume follows. Tradition and ritual play a strong role in Italian culture, especially during celebrations such as Easter, the Christian holiday based on the pagan festival called Eostur-Monath. No matter what date Easter falls on, there are many ceremonies and culinary customs that are religiously upheld. Some traditions are regional, for instance the art of palm weaving, in which decorative crosses and other designs are created from the palms received on Palm Sunday. Easter Ceremonies in Italy At Vatican City there are a series of solemn events that culminate in Easter Sunday Mass. During the spring holy days that center around the vernal equinox there are also many other rites practiced throughout the country that have their roots in historic pagan rituals. In addition, the Monday following Easter is an official Italian holiday called la Pasquetta, so if traveling be prepared for another day of repose. Tredozio On Easter Monday the Palio dellUovo is a competition where eggs are the stars of the games. Merano The Corse Rusticane are conducted, fascinating races with a special breed of horses famous for their blonde manes ridden by youths wearing the local costumes of their towns. Before the race, the participants parade through the streets of the town followed by a band and folk dance groups. Barano dIschia On Easter Monday the Ndrezzata takes place- a dance which revives the fights against the Saracens. Carovigno On the Saturday before Easter is a procession dedicated to the Madonna del Belvedere during which the Nzeghe contest takes place: banners must be hurled as far as possible. Enna Religious rites dating back to the Spanish domination (fifteenth through seventeenth century) take place in this Sicilian town. On Good Friday, the different religious confraternities gather around the main church and over 2,000 friars wearing ancient costumes silently parade through the streets of the city. On Easter Sunday, the Paci ceremony takes place: the statue of the Virgin and that of Jesus Christ are first taken to the main square and then into the church where they stay for a week. Easter Dining In Italy, the expression Natale con i tuoi, Pasqua con chi vuoi is frequently heard (Christmas with your family, Easter with your own choice of friends). Oftentimes, this implies sitting down to a dinner that starts with minestra di Pasqua, the traditional beginning of the Neapolitan Easter meal. Other classic Easter recipes include carciofi fritti (fried artichokes), a main course of either capretto o agnellino al forno (roasted goat or baby lamb) or capretto cacio e uova (kid stewed with cheese, peas, and eggs), and carciofi e patate soffritti, a delicious vegetable side dish of sautà ©ed artichokes with baby potatoes. A holiday meal in Italy would not be complete without a traditional dessert, and during Easter there are several. Italian children finish their dinner with a rich bread shaped like a crown and studded with colored Easter egg candies. La pastiera Napoletana, the classic Neapolitan grain pie, is a centuries–old dish with innumerable versions, each made according to a closely guarded family recipe. Another treat is the  Colomba cake, a sweet, eggy, yeasted bread (like panettone plus candied orange peel, minus the raisins, and topped with sugared and sliced almonds) shaped in one of the most recognizable symbols of Easter, the dove. The Colomba cake takes on this form precisely because  la colomba  in Italian means dove, the symbol of peace and an appropriate finish to Easter dinner. Uova di Pasqua Although Italians do not decorate hard–boiled eggs nor have chocolate bunnies or pastel marshmallow chicks, the biggest Easter displays in bars, pastry shops, supermarkets, and especially at chocolatiers are brightly wrapped  uova di Pasqua- chocolate Easter eggs- in sizes that range from 10 grams (1/3 ounce) to 8 kilos (nearly 18 pounds). Most of them are made of milk chocolate in a mid–range, 10–ounce size by industrial chocolate makers. Some producers distinguish between their chocolate eggs for children (sales numbers are a closely guarded secret, but the market for these standard quality eggs is said to be shrinking with Italys birthrate) and expensive adult versions. All except the tiniest eggs contain a surprise. Grown–ups often find their eggs contain little silver picture frames or gold–dipped costume jewelry. The very best eggs are handmade by artisans of chocolate, who offer the service of inserting a surprise supplied by the purchaser. Car keys, engagement rings, and watches are some of the high–end gifts that have been tucked into Italian chocolate eggs in Italy. Italian Easter Vocabulary List Click to hear the highlighted word spoken by a native speaker. lagnello- lambBuona Pasqua- Happy Easteril coniglietto- bunny rabbitla crocifissione- Crucifixionla pace- peacela Pasquetta- Easter Mondayla primavera- springla resurrezione- Resurrectionla settimana santa- Holy WeeklUltima Cena- Last Supperle uova- eggsVenerdà ¬ Santo- Holy Friday

The effects of interest rate volatilities on the demand of Turkish Essay

The effects of interest rate volatilities on the demand of Turkish money - Essay Example This study aims to look at, particularly the possessions of interest rate volatilities in case of Turkey along with customary factors influencing the demand for money. Because the raise in interest rate volatility is probable to lead structural variations in the formation of behavioral dealings which defines economic sector. It will also really influence the demand for cash. Other than, it must be strained here that the nominal interest rate contains two parts: Expected rate of inflation and an expected real rate of return. Interest rate volatility is a very important factor in determining a healthy monetary policy for the economy. It is important to identify the factors that create the demand for money. The period of 1990s saw the banking sector in Turkey highly dominated by public banks, which were inefficient in its activities. The Turkish bank sector had a large number of serious discrepancies and deficiencies such as large risks in foreign currency, interest rates and liquidity in the banking sector. During the decided investigation period of 1990-2000s, the increase in GDP was only 2.5 per cent in Turkey. The banking sector in Turkey was deficient of good governance and the economic environment in which the banks existed brought severe economic losses to the bank. â€Å"The credits-to-total assets ratio declined from 47 percent to 32.8 percent between 1990 and 2000†. There was also a decrease of around 50 – 80% in the credits to deposit ratio in the Turkish banks. The Turkish banking sector was regulated and supervised by the coordination and cooperation of two authorities, the treasury and the central bank of Turkey. â€Å"Turkish Bank Ltd is authorized and regulated by the Financial Services Authority† (Turkish Bank n.d.). During this financial period, the Turkish banks financed public deficits due to very high real interest rates, which were charged by the banks. The high volatility in the interest rates also had its consequence on the demand of money in the Turkish economy. It is important to identify the determinant, which increases the demand for money in the economy in order to create and conduct a healthy monetary policy which suits the Turkish economy. The increase in interest rate volatility is accompanied by an effect in demand for money. Investigating the determinant of the demand for money is significant to make and conduct a healthy financial policy, which is directly connected to whole economy. For instance, a factor that raises the demand for cash may unfavorably affect financial performance by rising velocity of money and nominal income circulation. This study aims to look at, particularly the possessions of interest rate volatilities in case of Turkey along with customary factors influencing the demand for mo