Further Exploration assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Further Exploration assignment - Essay Example The Janice and Melwyn, looking back said that they felt each new baby created an increased bond of closeness between them, but then as the kids became older, Melwyn reports feeling that they were often, â€Å"in the way†. As a result, the couple reports that for nearly a decade, they couldn’t remember going on a date, seeing a movie together or taking a trip without the children. This eroded the quality of their marriage and relationship. Stevie and Lucas say that they have felt their love grow for one another as they support each other in caring for a toddler and preparing for an infant. They feel that they have had to change very little so far in their lives because of kids. They never were into partying or going out much before kids and that hasn’t changed. They do miss the quiet that has been lost to the two year-old’s toys and constant talking. They know that crying is soon ahead, as are late night feedings and diapers, but all in all they feel as clo se as they ever have. Janice and Melwyn report that when they had their first child, Janice quit her job as a bank teller to stay home with the children. She had a high school diploma and Melwyn was trained as a machinist. The economy was good, so Melwyn took overtime in order to make-up for the loss of Janice’s income. Janice did not return to the workforce until her youngest child was in 7th grade. She says she didn’t want to work once the kids came along, but admitted that being a housewife was boring and isolating at times. Stevie is going to continue her studies at university through her pregnancy and after the birth of the next child. She is studying elementary education. She feels this would provide good additional income at some point and allow her to have time with her kids. Lucas is an engineer. He is just starting his career and wants to be the sole provider for the family for as long as

Woodrow Wilson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Woodrow Wilson - Essay Example While this ship is perhaps the most historically significant, German submarines demonstrated a history of interference with United States ships. While the two countries reached a post-1915 treaty, Germany ultimately decided to break this treaty in 1917, clearing the way for future aggressive actions, including the sinking of five American ships. In addition to German interference with American neutrality, the Zimmerman telegram constituted a major contributing factor for United States involvement. This telegram was sent between Germany and Mexico, intercepted by British intelligence and interpreted. The telegram indicated that if Mexico joined the war on Germany’s side, in victory they would be award the lost territories of Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico. It seems that such a telegram was a valid reason for entering the war. While it would be naà ¯ve to assume that this telegram was a primary reason for the United States involvement, such a telegram clearly demonstrated to the United States public that German aggression extended beyond involvement in Europe but was increasingly advancing to their backyard. Still, it’s clear that United States involvement was inevitability after Germany broke neutrality, such that the Zimmerman telegram was only a pretext. Considering prominent theorists, it’s clear that America had in large part already broken neutrality. Prior to declaring war on Germany the United States had actively contributed to the war effort through supplying the Britain with military supplies and funding. As such, it’s clear that the United States involvement in World War I was not only inevitable recurrent to the Zimmerman telegram, but to an extent had already occurred. Had the United States refrained from entering World War I it’s highly possible history would be greatly altered. The United States involvement ensured that German aggression would be stopped

Role of the Brand in Developing Customer Loyalty

Role of the Brand in Developing Customer Loyalty INTRODUCTION 1.1 Nature of Assignment  · My project is about â€Å"The Role of Brand in the Development of Customer Loyalty†.  · Its the part of MBA and it is the requirement of my institute, â€Å"THE UNIVERSITY OF WALES†, for the completion of our degree.  · The purpose of project is to determine the role of brand in the development of customer loyalty. After completion of this project I can easily understand that how brand helps in the development of customer loyalty.  · I am doing work on this project to collect data and other relevant information to build a relation between role of brand and customer loyalty and to prove that brand plays an important role in the development of customer loyalty.  · It is my project which is being supervised by a senior person allocated by my institute.  · In order to make my project more reliable field data will also be collected and analyzed.  · Data from the pre-research on this topic will also be studied to make my project well designed and easily understandable.  · From the company point of view my research work will be helpful to understand the relationship between brand and customer loyalty. 1.2 The Rationale for this Study * Literature review has proved that customer loyalty affects by brand. * Different work on this topic has been done which is in chapter# 2. * It is a moralize agreement that brand affects customer loyalty. * I will try to test this claim that the role of brand in the development of customer loyalty with the help of this project using primary and secondary research. * In UK context it would be useful contribution towards this field. * This research will be helpful in understanding the role of brand in the development of customer loyalty. * In local environment findings from this project will be used in number of groups including companies, scholars and also researchers. 1.3 Brand In marketing, a brand is a collection of feelings toward an economic producer. Feelings are created by the accumulation of experiences with the brand, both directly relating to its use, and through the influence of advertising, design, and media commentary. A brand is a symbolic embodiment of all the information connected to a company, product or service. A brand serves to create associations and expectations among products made by a producer. A brand often includes an explicit logo, fonts, color schemes, symbols, which are developed to represent implicit values, ideas, and even personality. Concepts Some marketers distinguish the psychological aspect of a brand from the experiential aspect. The experiential aspect consists of the sum of all points of contact with the brand and is known as the brand experience. The psychological aspect, sometimes referred to as the brand image, is a symbolic construct created within the minds of people and consists of all the information and expectations associated with a product or service. The nicest approach to brand building considers the conceptual structure of brands, businesses and people. 1.4 Brand Loyalty Brand loyalty is the ultimate goal a company sets for a branded product. Brand loyalty is a consumers preference to buy a particular brand in a product category. It occurs because consumers perceive that the brand offers the right product features, images, or level of quality at the right price. This perception becomes the foundation for a new buying habit. Basically, consumers initially will make a trial purchase of the brand and, after satisfaction, tend to form habits and continue purchasing the same brand because the product is safe and familiar. Brand loyalists have the following mindset: * â€Å"I am committed to this brand.† * â€Å"I am willing to pay a higher price for this brand over other brands.† * â€Å"I will recommend this brand to others.† Importance of Brand Loyalty There are three main reasons why brand loyalty is important: Higher Sales Volume The average United States Company loses half of its customers every five years, equating to a 13% annual loss of customers. This statistic illustrates the challenges companies face when trying to grow in competitive environments. Achieving even 1% annual growth requires increasing sales to customers, both existing and new, by 14%. Reducing customer loss can dramatically improve business growth and brand loyalty, which leads to consistent and even greater sales since the same brand is purchased repeatedly. Premium Pricing Ability Studies show that as brand loyalty increases, consumers are less sensitive to price changes. Generally, they are willing to pay more for their preferred brand because they perceive some unique value in the brand that other alternatives do not provide. Additionally, brand loyalists buy less frequently on cents-off deals these promotions only subsidize planned purchases. Retain Rather than Seek Brand loyalists are willing to search for their favorite brand and are less sensitive to competitive promotions. The result is lower costs for advertising, marketing and distribution. Specifically, it costs four to six times as much to attract a new customer as it does to retain an old one. 1.5 Customer Loyalty When a consumer finds that a particular brand is delivering the best products and services for him and that brands solves his problems with their products, he begins to identify that brand with a certain quality and develops a loyalty for it. In fact, if you have a customer who is committed to your brand, chances are that he will choose your product or service over the others that are available in the market. Customer loyalty plays a major role in making your business successful. If you are capable of retaining as much as 5% of your old customer base, then your business can grow up to 75%. Another great thing about your old customers who rely on you is that they will tell their friends, family and acquaintances about your products and services. In this manner, your business will get the best kind of advertising possible. Similarly, a customer who does not like your products might do some negative marketing for you, so you need to be on your toes and ensure that all your customers are satisfied with you. This will help you convert your prospective customers to your clients. 1.6 The Role of Brand in the Development of Customer Loyalty In order to keep your old customer base alive and loyal towards your brand. You need to have something unique about your brand. If you are able to have a unique feature that your customers love, then chances are that your customers will stick to your company and even tell others about it. The key is to develop this USP or Unique Selling Point in order to entice the customers and keep them loyal. If your customer is aware of your USP and benefits from it, you will get a brand loyalty that will be enough to keeps your business booming. Customer loyalty is more than simple repurchasing, however. Customers may repurchase a brand due to situational constraints, a lack of viable alternatives, or out of convenience. Such loyalty is referred to as spurious loyalty. True brand loyalty exists when customers have a high relative attitude toward the brand which is then exhibited through repurchase behavior. This type of loyalty can be a great asset to the firm. Customers are willing to pay higher prices, they may cost less to serve, and can bring new customers to the firm. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW To determine the role of brand in the development of customer loyalty some articles have been studied. After studying these articles we came to know that how much research has been done by different persons on this topic. Previous research putts light on different kinds of factors related to development of customer loyalty that how customer loyalty can be measured and how properly or effectively brand can be managed and implemented. And what models can be used to make a particular brand more successful. Previous research also explains that what factors are responsible for the decline of a brand. So we came to know about loyalty that a customers loyalty can be determined by studying that how repetitively customer make purchasing of products of a particular brand when some others alternatives are available to customers. Several studies have been conducted in this area following are the list of some key articles and a brief description will be given following. 2.1 Summaries of Articles 1st article is about Brand Loyalty which is being studied by Nancy Giddens, Agricultural Extension Value Added Marketing Specialist. Brand Loyalty has been proclaimed by some to be the ultimate goal of marketing. In marketing, brand loyalty consists of a consumers commitment to repurchase the brand and can be demonstrated by repeated buying of a product or service or other positive behaviors such as word of mouth advocacy. True brand loyalty implies that the consumer is willing, at least on occasion, to put aside their own desires in the interest of the brand. Brand loyalty is more than simple repurchasing, however. Customers may repurchase a brand due to situational constraints, a lack of viable alternatives, or out of convenience. Such loyalty is referred to as spurious loyalty. True brand loyalty exists when customers have a high relative attitude toward the brand which is then exhibited through repurchase behavior. This type of loyalty can be a great asset to the firm: customers are willing to pay higher prices, they may cost less to serve, and can bring new customers to the firm. For example, if Joe has brand loyalty to Company A he will purchase Company As products even if Company Bs are cheaper and/or of a higher quality. This article is about decline of brands by James Surowiecki. The truth is weve always overestimated the power of branding while underestimating consumers ability to recognize quality. When brands first became important in the US a century ago, it was because particular products Pillsbury flour or Morton salt offered far more reliability and quality than no-name goods. Similarly, many (and arguably most) of the important brands in American history Gillette or Disney became successful not because of clever marketing, but because they offered something you couldnt get anywhere else. (Gillette made the best razors; Disney made the best animated movies.) Even Nike first became popular because it made superior running shoes. Marketers looked at these companies and said they were succeeding because their brands were strong. In reality, the brands were strong because the companies were succeeding. Over time, certain brands came to connote quality. They did provide a measure of insurance which in turn made firms less innovative and less rigorous. (Think of the abominable cars General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler made in the late 1960s through the 1970s remember the Pinto? in part because they assumed that they had customers for life.) That sense of protection is eroding in industry after industry, and instead of a consumer economy in which success is determined in large part by name, its now being determined by performance. The aristocracy of brand is dead. Long live the meritocracy of product. This article is about customer engagement by Richard Sedley. Customer Engagement refers to the engagement of customers with one another, with a company or a brand. The initiative for engagement can be both consumer- or company-led and the medium of engagement can be on or offline. A customers degree of engagement with a company lies in a continuum that represents the strength of his investment in that company. Positive experiences with the company strengthen that investment and move the customer down the line of engagement. This article is about Brand Engagement by Watson Wyatt. Brand Engagement is a term loosely used to describe the process of forming an attachment (emotional and rational) between a person and a brand. It comprises one aspect of brand management. What makes the topic complex is that brand engagement is partly created by institutions and organizations, but is equally created by the perceptions, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of those with whom these institutions and organizations are communicating or engaging with. As a relatively new addition to the marketing and communication mix, brand engagement sits in the space between marketing, advertising, media communication, social media, organizational development, internal communications and human resource management This article is on Brand management by Neil H. McElroy. Brand management is the application of marketing techniques to a specific product, product line, or brand. It seeks to increase the products perceived value to the customer and thereby increase brand franchise and brand equity. Marketers see a brand as an implied promise that the level of quality people have come to expect from a brand will continue with future purchases of the same product. This may increase sales by making a comparison with competing products more favorable. It may also enable the manufacturer to charge more for the product. The value of the brand is determined by the amount of profit it generates for the manufacturer 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodology will be discussed in the following section. 3.1 Theoretical Framework The dependent variable, customer loyalty of branded casual wear companies depend upon two independent variables which are price and awareness. Most of the people in Pakistan belong to middle class and they prefer to buy products of low price with good quality. So poor quality of these companies has affected its sale as well as customer loyalty. We know that awareness of any product plays an important role to increase or decrease the customer loyalty. The quality and comfort of branded products are close to local brands. Similarly the awareness of the branded casual wearing is low because of less impressive advertisement. So, it is clear that the sale and customer loyalty is low because of high price and unawareness. 3.2 Research Objectives Following are the objectives of this study: 1. To determine the importance of branding in creating customer loyalty. 2. To identify the characteristics of a brand that help in brand loyalty. 3. To investigate the reasons for brand preference. 4. How brand loyalty can be developed? 5. What makes the customer loyal? 6. To make recommendations for developing customer loyalty through branding. 3.3 Operationalization Customer Loyalty In this, we will measure the customer loyalty whether the people are buying it or not and why. We have price and awareness as an independent variable and we will measure customer loyalty for different types of the branded casual wearing. Awareness Awareness is an independent variable and we will measure it by the following indicators: i) By asking the people whether they are aware or not. ii) If yes, then from which media vehicle they became aware of it e.g. Newspapers, Magazines, T.V, Radio, Bill boards, word of mouth etc. Methodology Used To perform this task, research was conducted in such a way that reflected the awareness towards branded casual wearing. The primary source of data collection was used and the instrument for data collection was personally administered Questionnaire. This questionnaire was administered personally due to sampling information, administrative control, and helping the respondents in answering technical questions. The population of the research consists of ultimate consumers. Therefore Convenience Sampling technique was used. 3.4 Research Design The purpose of this research was to establish the relationship between independent variables high price awareness and the dependent variable customer loyalty. This is a field study because it examined the relationship between the variables. For this purpose questionnaire was developed to get response of the people. Neither the variables were controlled nor was artificial setting created for the study. The unit of analysis for this study is an individual and tool of data collection is questionnaire. For data collection we have used convenience sampling technique. Procedure Used Standardized questionnaire was designed for consumers. The questionnaire was developed in order to make it comprehensive, so as to enable the researcher to collect all needed information from consumers. The questionnaires was distributed and filled in by the consumers. Methods of Data Collection Population consisting of people who are using the branded casual wears were considered for the collection of data. Survey questionnaire was thus used to collect data from respondents in different areas and University of the Central Punjab. Tool for Data Collection Tool to collect data was survey questionnaire which was very carefully designed. It consisted of all the types of questions i.e. dichotomous questions and multiple choices. So as to acquire in depth knowledge from the consumers about the research problem. After preparation of questionnaire, it was shown to kind teacher for changes in it. Pre-testing After developing and getting it approved, 5 copies of the questionnaire were filled out by the senior students of the University. The respondents faced only few problems which were then replaced and made it easier and comprehensive. After pre-testing 50 copies were again distributed among the public and students. Sampling Techniques We have selected the samples which gave maximum representatives of target market. These samples gave more reliable and accurate information because they are end users of branded casual wears and can provide better information about research problem. Nature of the Study The research study was applied research because it was performed to find solution of problem. Why customer loyalty of branded casual wears is lower. After finding solution of problem, companies implement it to rectify problem situation. Purpose of Study The research has two main purpose first purpose is aimed at to be completed as a requirement of course. Second purpose was to study the impact of important factors that affect customer loyalty of branded casual wears. Some of important factors to be studied were: * Demographic factors like age, income occupation * Quality * Price * Brand name * Availability * Advertisement All these factors were studied to find out all possible ways to maintain and to improve factors such as availability, quality, price, advertisement etc. Study Setting This is a field study because it examined attitude and behavior of the people towards low demand for branded casual wears. For this purpose we had surveyed different areas and got filled in the questionnaires from students. Variables were neither controlled nor manipulated and no artificial setting was created for the study. Time Horizon The data for this research was collected over one month period. Field Work We had 50 sample sizes. We went to the commercial and business areas to fill this questionnaire. The areas consisted of Green heith markets and white city commercial markets. During our field work, we faced a few problems like negative responses from the respondents. Some of the persons hesitated refused to fill questionnaire. But we faced all problems boldly as a good researcher. 3.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH STUDY Our research has following limitations: 1) Lack of time 2) Cost for collecting data. 3) Sample size is small. 4. ANALYSIS OF SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE, INTERPRETATION OF DATA AND TABULATION REPRESENTATION TABLE NO.1 Do you prefer branded clothes? Response Frequency %age Yes 41 82% No 9 18%_ Total 50 100__ According to our analysis 82% respondents preferred branded clothes while 18% respondents out of our selected samples did not prefer branded clothes. So our analysis shows that majority of the people prefer branded clothes. TABLE NO.2 Brand is important for which item of clothing? Items Frequency %age Shirt 10 20% Jeans 22 44% Casual wears 18 36% Total 50 100% 20% of respondents preferred branded shirts, 44% of respondents preferred branded jeans while 36% of respondents preferred branded casual wears. So according to our analysis its clear that majority of people prefer branded jeans. TABLE NO.03 Why do you prefer branded clothes? Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Total High Quality 24 (48%) 18 (36%) 6 (12%) 2(4%) 50 Comfort 26 (52%) 15 (30%) 8 (16%) 1 (2%) 50 Durability 25 (50%) 18 (36%) 5 (10%) 2 (4%) 50 This graph shows that 48% respondents are strongly agreed, 36% respondents are agreed, 12% respondents are disagreed and 4% respondents are strongly disagreed that they prefer branded clothes due to high quality. 52% respondents are strongly agreed, 30% respondents are agreed, 16% respondents are disagreed and 2% respondents are strongly disagreed that they prefer branded clothes due to comfort. 50% respondents are strongly agreed, 36% respondents are agreed, 10% respondents are disagreed and 4% respondents are strongly disagreed that they prefer branded clothes due to durability. So majority of people prefer branded clothes due to comfort. TABLE NO.04 Which of the following element is important for your choice of the branded item? Elements Frequency %age Product features 31 62% Price 14 28% Promotion 04 08% Placement 01 02% Total 50 100_ This graph shows that 62% respondents preferred product features, 28% respondents preferred price, 8%respondents preferred promotion and 2% preferred placement for the choice of branded items. So our analysis shows that product feature is the most important element for the choice of branded items. TABLE NO.05 Approximately, how many times do you buy your clothes? Buying Period Frequency %age Once a week 02 04% Once every 2 weeks 00 00% Once a month 08 16% At the beginning of season 10 20% During the sales period 00 00% During the Christmas Festivities 00 00% As the need arise 15 30% Occasionally 13 26% Rarely 02 04% Others 0 00% Total 50 100% This graph shows that 30% respondents are used to buy clothes as the need arises. So majority of people go to buy clothes as the need arises. TABLE NO.06 From where do you usually buy clothes? By the use of Frequency %age Catalogues 05 10% Magazines 07 14% Internet 03 06% Open Market 35 70%__ Total 50 100%_ Above graph shows that 70% of respondents prefer to buy from open market. 6% respondents through internet, 14% respondents use magazine and 10% respondents use catalogues to buy clothes. So majority of people go to buy clothes from open market. TABLE NO.07 How influential is advertising in your purchase of branded wears? Advertising Frequency %age Very Influential 09 18% Influential 22 44% Slightly Influential 10 20% Not Influential 07 14% Dont Know 02 04%_ Total 50 100__ Above graph shows that 18% of respondents are much influenced, 44% are influenced, 20% are slightly influenced, 14% are not influenced by advertising to purchase branded clothes while 4% of respondents do not know about it. So our analysis shows that majority of people are influenced by advertising to purchase branded clothes. TABLE NO.08 If a company wants to advertise to you, which of the following medium would be most effective in gaining consumers? Medium Frequency %age TV 24 48% Radio 00 00% Magazines 10 20% Newspaper 01 02% Billboards 11 22% Internet 03 06% Others 01 02% Total 50 100% 48% respondents told that T.V is the most effective advertising media. So our analysis shows that majority of people are influenced by advertising through T.V. TABLE NO.09 How influential is a celebrity endorsement in your decision to purchase branded clothes? Celebrity Frequency %age Very Influential 05 10 Influential 15 30 Slightly Influential 13 26 Not Influential 12 24 Dont Know 05 10 Total 50 100 30% respondents told that they are influenced by a celebrity to make their decisions to purchase branded clothes. So our analysis shows that branded clothes should be advertised through a celebrity. TABLE NO.10 How influential are other consumers opinions of a brand in your perception of that brand? Other Consumers Opinion Frequency %age Very Influential 14 28 Influential 19 38 Slightly Influential 12 24 Not Influential 02 4 Dont Know 03 6 Total 50 100 This graph shows that 38% respondents are influenced by other peoples opinion. So company should achieve more and more market reputation. Table No.11 When buying clothes, you: Buying clothes Frequency %age Go directly in a particular shop 31 62 Go round in various shops 19 38 Total 50 100.00 62% respondents go directly to purchase branded clothes in a particular shop while 38% respondents go round in various shops. So a company should have more physical outlets to capture market. Table No.12 How would you rate the following statements? Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree I wear only well known brands 6 30 9 5 I buy clothes depending on their colors 8 31 6 5 I buy styles that suit me rather than what is fashionable 15 31 3 1 I only buy the style that my friends wear 3 15 23 9 I only buy the latest fashion as long as they suit me 16 20 12 2 I create my own fashion rather than follow it 4 27 14 5 I tend to stick to classic styles that wont date 1 26 19 4 I wear only clothes that are widely available 1 21 23 5 I hate going round for clothes and I let others buy my clothes 2 25 14 9 I search for sales and low prices 18 12 10 10 30 respondents out of 50 are agreed that they wear only well known branded clothes, 31 respondents are agreed that they buy clothes depending on their colors, 31 respondents are agreed that they buy styles that suit them rather than what is fashionable. 23 respondents are disagreed that they only buy the style that their friends wear. 20 respondents are agreed that they only buy the latest fashion as long as they suit them. 27 respondents are agreed that they create their own fashion rather than follow it. 26 respondents are agreed that they tend to stick to classic styles that wont date. 23 respondents are disagreed that they wear only clothes that are widely available. 25 respondents are agreed that they hate going round for clothes and they let others buy their clothes. 18 respondents are strongly agreed that they search for sales and low prices. Table No.13 How important would you rate the following factors in influencing the choice of clothes purchased? Almost Always Sometimes Rarely Never Fashion Magazines 8 20 11 11 Beauty Magazines 6 10 14 20 Television 18 13 15 4 Radio 9 13 14 14 Newspapers 10 25 7 8 Billboards 9 33 8 0 Cinema 8 15 8 19 Promotional Leaflets 3 20 10 17 Internet 17 12 15 6 Others 0 0 0 0 Majority of people are influenced by fashion magazines, T.V, news paper, billboards, promotional leaflets and internet while they are not influenced by beauty magazines, radio and cinema to make the choice of branded clothes. So a company should focus to advertise through T.V and billboards. TABLE NO.14 Do you think that wearing branded clothes would reflect? Strongly Agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree Confidence 32 17 1 0 Superior Image 14 29 5 2 Exclusivity 13 32 5 0 Snob Appeal 11 28 9 2 32 respondents are strongly agreed that wearing branded clothes show level of confidence, 29 respondents are agreed that wearing branded clothes reflect superior image. 32 respondents are agreed that branded clothes reflect exclusivity and 28 respondents told that its a snob appeal. So our analysis shows that majority of people purchase branded clothes due to high level of confidence, superior image, exclusivity and snob appeal. TABLE NO.15 Criteria used for the selection of specific brand? Selection Criteria Frequency %age Well known brand name 24 48% Brand shows the quality 18 36% Brand offers incentives 08 16% Total 50 100% The graph and its analysis show that criteria used for selection of specific brand is well known brand name. TABLE NO.16 Which brand is preferred by customer? Preferred Brand Frequency %age Offer more services 10 20% High price with high quality 26 52% Low price with high quality 14 28%_ Total 50 100% 52% respondents told that only that brand is preferred which provides high quality with high price. So a company should mainly focus on high quality. TABLE NO.17 What attracts you more to select a specific brand? Attraction Frequency %age More advertisement 06 12 Market reputation 11 22 Existing customers satisfaction 33 66 Total 50 100 66% respondents told that existing customers satisfaction attracts more to select a specific brand. So majority of people are influenced by existing customers opinion. TABLE NO.18 Why most people prefer local brand? Attraction Frequency %age Less price 26 52 Easy availability 6 12 Same features like imported brand 18 36 Total 50 100 This graph shows that most of the people prefer branded clothes due to less price. TABLE NO.19 Local brand captures market due to Attraction Frequency %age

Stanley Kramer’s Inherit the Wind :: Stanley Kramer Inherit the Wind

Stanley Kramer’s Inherit the Wind    History is consistently used in films as a technique to teach the values and morals of events that occurred. But what’s the point in teaching history through films when they are terribly fictional? In films, the director finds the best scheme to intrigue their audience only by changing the actual event to satisfy their interest. This is true for Stanley Kramer when he made the history of John Scopes and his â€Å"monkey trial† into a film called Inherit the Wind. Kramer knew the exact stereotypical â€Å"Hollywood history† his audience enjoyed. The trial itself had a series of conflicts, the main one being evolution vs. religion. Yet there was also a series of tensions throughout the movie, including the argument between individual vs. society. The same themes from Inherit the Wind can also be seen from the actual â€Å"monkey trial† event in Dayton, Tennessee. It is sometimes said that truth is stranger than fiction and according to this film, truth is al so stronger than fiction. Inherit the Wind ignored the true dramatic moment, which is essential to the actual trial that happened in Dayton, Tennessee. Kramer even portrayed his own opinion of this trial in this film. The truth was so distorted in the film so now the argument is not individual vs. society or evolution vs. religion but history vs. fiction. Inherit the Wind is set in the little town of Hillsboro when Bertram Cates (played by), a biology teacher, was thrown into prison for teaching Darwin’s theory of evolution. Two famous lawyers were behind this case, Henry Drummond (played by) as the defender and Mathew Harrison Brady (played by), as the prosecutor. Mathew Harrison Brady who was â€Å"voted 3 times for a presidential candidate† was sent to Hillsboro is carry out the job as a prosecutor for this trial. As for Cates, a journalist from Baltimore Herald by the name of E.K. Horrbeck willingly provided a lawyer named Henry Drummond for him. Horrbeck was inter ested in the Cates, expecting to make big bucks from this big â€Å"media† case. The two opposing lawyers, Drummond and Brady, were Kramer’s two main characters, both with different opinions on how humans arrived on earth. Drummond supported the evolution theory, while Brady, the creation theory. In this film, Kramer distorted the facts of the actual trial to make this film more of a drama than a history documentary.

Experiential Marketing Essay

Development of Marketing Trends It is accepted that both the concept and function of marketing have changed and keep changing (McCole, 2004: 2). Adams (2011) reminds the use of the concept of â€Å"live marketing†, which many year ago was used to describe anything where people where a â€Å"just† little more creative than not doing marketing at all. Nowadays, using creative techniques seems to have become almost commonplace (Ibid). Further on, more and more consumers began to perceive marketing trough a wide spectrum of different marketing communication channels (Smilansky, 2009: 1). Traditional channels include advertising, direct mail, packaging and sales promotion (Ibid). These aim to attract consumers’ attention by mainly focusing on the importance to the product/service functional features (Schmitt, 1999: 17). Sponsorships, digital marketing and public relations (PR) were introduced later (Ibid). After that, the integration of these communication channels which traditionally have been used independently, in order to create a synergetic effect and convey a consistent message to the target audience, promoted the development of a new concept called integrated marketing communication (IMC) (De Pelsmacker et al. , 2010: 17). Nevertheless as marketing techniques consumers themselves have also evolved. Been so often subjected to a variety of media channels and marketing methods was already starting to turn them against the use of marketing, making them even more disinterested (Adams, 2011). What this provoked was the rise to the trends of guerrilla marketing techniques, live stunts and a variety of other marketing communication channels (Ibid). The fact is that these are also becoming more and more common place and marketing is then getting closer and closer to a point of being used in an acceptable way for the customers, which in turn are becoming much more difficult to target (Adams, 2011; Smilansky, 2009: 8).

Bilingual special education

According to Figueroa, January 1999 combination of bilingual education with special education offers an interesting example on what should not happen in educational evolution and reform. In United States there is inconsistent interface between bilingual and special education offering basis for unique form of significant dialogue between United States, Latin America and Mexico on children education that didn’t not thrive in general education programs and who later wind up in special education or remedial classrooms.The main arguments of this article are on psychological and medical underpinnings on current bilingual special education modus in Western Hemisphere that has survived its usefulness. Educational paradigms are the main focus to guide behavior of special educators in achieving learning needs of students with disabilities.Figueroa argues that, this is the time for diminution of the functions of regulations, with significance given on diagnostic and predictive evaluation , stressing on ritualized and detailed system for establishing Individualized Educational Programs with belief on power of drills, contingent reinforcement, skills and enough conditions for actuating high-order mental processes (Figueroa, 324).Figueroa, January 1999 argued that, for the underachievers a different vision and a new skepticism is required for current beliefs and practices in bilingual and special education. For bilingual and special education, educators should increase use of presentations which is recommended as â€Å"do more† principle. Increased use of tests and state-based regulatory edifices should be used. Bilingual and special education offer more interesting strategy on educational reformation.Despite the importance and strength of bilingual special education in United States, it lacks crucial components. There is no theoretical grounding that would serve in explaining and guiding bilingual special education with clear acknowledgment on the thirty year o ld literature and that questions the diagnostic, regulatory, pedagogical and structural foundations of bilingual special education (Figueroa, 326).The article, Critical pedagogy in a Bilingual Special Education Classroom by Goldstein, 1995 explains application of critical pedagogical principles in first and second grade of bilingual special class for Latino children with limited proficiency in English. Teachers of bilingual special education face difficult challenges especially in evaluating learning disabilities. Those ESL students with disabilities are deprived intervention because teachers are reluctant in categorizing them with learning disability.Teachers really struggle with question of examining ESL students and they have to understand the link between ESL students and evaluation for special education. According to Goldstein, 1995 teacher’s assessment on ESL students is wrong. Many students are miscategorized having learning disabilities because of their failure to res pond to instructions they get from teachers (Goldstein, 463). The problem is that skill-based instructions don’t work in most cases and they even result in establishment of learned learning disability.Goldstein argued that, bicultural and bilingual students have signs of learning disabilities not because they have cognitive abnormalities but because of difficulties to adjust to the dominant school culture. Teachers use innovative approach in educating bilingual students which is known as critical pedagogy based on theoretical work. This focuses more on the style of whole-language in teaching literacy. Teachers tailor their lessons on personal lives of students more so on social and economic difficulties they have experienced.She concludes that many students in ESL have no learning disabilities and they negatively respond to instructions they get from their teachers in classroom based on the dominant school culture. The strength of this article is that bilingual students can n ot be evaluated in same way as those native English speaking students. The best way of evaluated ESL students with learning disabilities is by use of wide array of evaluation approaches like standardized testing on phonological awareness with close observation on students in multiple contexts.The weakness part of it is that, this article doesn’t give full information on what should be done to the student thus more research should be done to find most cost-effective and accurate ways of evaluating ESL students. This problem is facing many schools and will continue to grow within United States in those non English Speaking populations (Goldstein, 467). The article, school-based bilingual special education teacher assistance teams by Harris, 1995 discusses establishment of school-based bilingual special education teams mainly on Hispanic school situation located in urban southwest city.Intervention and preferred screening involves identification of problems which students experi ence regularly in classroom, they identify the source of the problem either from teachers, students, environment or curriculum and finds ways of dealing with the problem in regular classroom. This eliminates unsuitable and unnecessary referrals to bilingual special education. Implementation of pre-referral intervention process in which teachers are helped in remediation of the problems should be avoided and help teacher remediate problems experienced by children in classroom.This achieved through team of teachers, other colleagues and school support personnel. Teacher Assistance Teams should be used in selecting peers to facilitate pre-referral problem solving. This team discusses problems facing students and think of any possible solution they develop plan of action which is implemented by referring teachers (Harris, 418). This team decides whether students should be referred to bilingual special education or not.To minimize cases of students being referred to bilingual special edu cation, this pre-referral procedure helps teachers in designing and implementing educational interventions which is effective in the least restrictive environment and regular classroom. For the teachers to ensure that special programs by not using special education as a dumping ground for students with limited-English-proficient it is an imperative that LEP students be thoroughly tested. In each possible formal and informal evaluation process should be applied in determining functioning level of students who are handicapped.There should be more research on development of language and acquisition of second language should be considered with research on cognitive development, neurolinguistic, psychological functioning and bilinguistic (Harris, 424). The article bilingual special education teachers shifting paradigms: complex responses to educational reform by Ruiz and Robert argues on nature and procedure of change among the five main bilingual special education teachers which are att empted in order to transform already existing instructional practices.Change process is affected by three factors namely; more special education training of teachers in teachers’ background with their strong reductionism orientation, change which involves shift in instructional practices and shift in beliefs and they don’t obvious go hand in hand and at the start of stages of collaboration change is most facilitated including practicing members of teachers’ occupational community as agents of change (Ruiz and Robert, 624).Paradigm of shift is a radical change in education system to cater for all students even those with learning disabilities. This helps in transforming people with severe disabilities academically. Programs and service systems which are more responsive to education of people with disabilities are used. Training methodologies and materials for those people with disabilities are used. Joining bilingual special education of those students with disab ilities offer an interesting example on what should not be done in terms of educational evolution and reforms.This article argues mostly on the psychological and medical reinforcement of bilingual special education with teachers shift paradigm to cater for students with learning disabilities. Education paradigm shift is used by teachers to meet needs of these students (Ruiz and Robert, 631). Works Cited Figueroa, Richard, â€Å"Special Education for Latino Students in the United States,† Bilingual Review, Vol. 24, No. 1, 324-327, January, 1999Goldstein, Barbara, â€Å"Critical pedagogy in a Bilingual Special Education Classroom,† Journal of Learning Disabilities, Vol. 28, No. 8, pp. 463-475, October, 1995 Harris, Kathleen, â€Å"School-Based Bilingual Special Education Teacher Assistance Teams,† Remedial & Special Education, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 419-425, November, 1995 Ruiz, Nadeen T. , and Robert Rueda, â€Å"Bilingual Special Education Teachers Shifting Paradi gms: Complex Responses To Educational Reform,† Journal of Learning Disabilities, Vol. 28, No. 10, 622-635, December, 1995